BIOS 1140 Exam 3

the three hamstrings (lateral to medial)

1. biceps femoris

2. semitendinosus

3. semimembranosus

what nerve innervates the hamstrings

sciatic nerve

nerve from lumbosacral plexus

ilioinguinal

lower limb that arises from common iliac artery

femoral

primary large artery bringing oxygenated blood from the heart to the abdomen

aorta

major vein returning deoxygenated blood from the abdominal organs to the heart

inferior vena cava

thickest heart layer

myocardium

right atrium receives blood from the

inferior and superior vena cava

right atrium sends blood to the

right ventricle

right ventricle receives blood from

right atrium

right ventricle pumps blood to

left ventricle

left atrium receives blood from

pulmonary veins

left atrium sends blood to

aorta

left ventricle receives blood from

left atrium

left ventricle pumps blood to

aorta

heart chambers that handle oxygenated blood

left atrium and left ventricle

heart chambers that handle deoxygenated blood

right atrium and right ventricle

atrioventricular valves are located between

atria and ventricles

semilunar valves are between

ventricle and existing blood vessels

atrioventicular

tricuspid and bicuspid

semilunar

pulmonary and aortic

function of coronary arteries

left - supplies oxygenated blood to left side of heart

right - supplies oxygenated blood to right side of heart and sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes

angina pectoris

partial blockage of coronary artery, limits blood flow to heart muscle region

myocardial infarct

complete blockage of coronary artery, causes death of heart muscle

trachea

covers esophagus to prevent inhalation of food

two major laryngeal cartilages

thyroid and cricoid

most distal tracheal cartilage

carina

how many lobes in right lung

3

how many lobes in left lung

2

Blood vessel, bronchi, lymphatic vessels and nerves enter and exit the lungs through narrow structure called

hilum

pulmonary gas exchange

oxygen diffuses from air to alveoli then to blood

causes bronchiodilation to allow more air to enter

sympathetic system

major salivary glands

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

esophagus enters the stomach at

cardiac sphincter

stomach empties food into small intestine through

pyloric sphincter

what do parietal cells do

make hydrochloric acid to dissolve food in stomach

livers role in digestion

make bile

bile is stored in

gall bladder

most digestive enzymes are made in the

pancreas

why can pancreatic lipase break down fats

gastric lipase is sensitive to low pH, not effective with hydrochloric acid present

ligamentum teres of liver is the remnant of the fetal

umbilical cord vein

where does most digestion and absorption occur in the small intestine

duodenum

descending order of small intestine segments

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

two cell structures protruding from the duodenum wall that increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

microvilli and villi

large intestine bacteria provides what nutrient

vitamin K, niacin, and other B vitamins

physiological functions of the appendix

act as reservoir of beneficial gut bacteria

medical problem that can occur with appendix

infection or rupture