The 1920s-30s

Describe the philosophies agendas of Presidents Harding and Coolidge.

Laissez-faire, low taxes, return to normalcy (before idealistic reforms)

What examples of political corruption were present in the Harding administration?

Teapot dome scandal: Harding is not corrupt himself, it was his cabinet.

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

African American achievements in art, literature, and music that embraced radical themes. Caused by the Great Migration.

Name some people that participated in the Harlem Renaissance.

Jazz Musicians: Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald

Literature: Langston Hughes

Who were the “Lost Generation?”

Disillusioned writers who questioned traditional values.

Describe how the rise of the automobile changed American social and economic life in the 1920s.

Increased consumerism, teen culture, growth of suburbs, roads

What did the Sacco and Vanzetti trial, the Quota acts, and the reemergence of the KKK show about American attitudes toward immigrants in the 1920s.

Prominence of nativism during the 1920s (anti-immigration feelings.)

What factors were responsible for the economic boom of the 1920s?

Laissez-faire policies, low taxes, buying on credit with low interest rates.

What did people do for entertainment in the 1920s?

Radio, movies, motoring, shopping: leads to mass culture

What was the Red Scare? How did the gov officials respond to the threat of communism?

The U.S suspected there were secret communists, in response they deported people.

Explain why the Scopes Trial reflected the influence of religious fundamentalism.

It focused on banning the teaching of evolution in schools to protect the bibles creation story.

What factors encouraged the passage of the 18th amendment?

Temperance Movement

WW1

Religious support

What factors were responsible for causing the Great Depression?

Stock Market Crash

Overproduction

Bank Runs

Unemployment

Labor disputes

Describe President Herbert Hoovers philosophy for dealing with the Great Depression.

Limited gov intervention and encouraged voluntary cooperation between businesses and corporations,

Describe Franklin D. Roosevelts philosophy for dealing with the Great Depression.

Active gov intervention through programs like the New Deal to provide relief, reform, and recovery.

What was the purpose of “Bank Holiday?”

To close all banks for a few days to prevent panic withdrawals, and to stabilize the banking system.

Name some New Deal policies that were intended to provide immediate relief during the Great Depression

Social Security Act

Farm Security

Name some New Deal programs that focused on putting people back to work.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

What was the “Dust Bowl?”

Droughts in the mid-west that caused storms and ruined crops

How did New Deal programs promote economic recovery?

By creating jobs, stimulating demand, and stabilizing key industries.

Ex. WPA, CCC

What was the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)?

It authorized the president to set “codes of fair competition,” regulating certain acts of interstate commerce.

Why did the Supreme Court strike down NIRA in Schechter Poultry Corporation v. U.S?

Because it was unconstitutional; Congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce, not the President.

How did FDR attempt to get around the Supreme Court?

By proposing the “Court-Packing Plan”

How did the National Labor Relations Act or Wagner Act change the Federal governments approach toward labor unions

By guaranteeing workers the right tot organize and join unions, and engage in collective bargaining.

How did New Deal programs attempt to permanently reform aspects of the American economy?

By instituting financial regulations, social safety nets, and labor protections.

Ex. National Labor Regulations/Wagner Act

What did the Social Security Act do?

Old age pensions, and to disabled

What is Huey Long’s criticism of the New Deal?

Increase government involvement

Redistribute wealth

What is Charles Coughlin’s criticism of the New Deal?

Social Justice

Government owned banks

What is Townsend’s criticism of the New Deal?

Old Age Pensions: Social Security Act

What are the Republican’s criticism of the New Deal?

Less government constraints on businesses