The Industrial Revolution and Technological Advancements

These flashcards cover key concepts and innovations from the Industrial Revolution, including important inventions and their impacts.

A period of major technological, economic, and social change that transformed industries and daily life.

Industrial Revolution

The initial phase of industrialization marked by innovations in manufacturing, transportation, and production efficiency.

First Industrial Revolution (from 1750 to 1850)

The subsequent phase of industrialization characterized by advancements in communication, transportation, and energy.

Second Industrial Revolution (from 1870 to 1914)

An invention that allowed workers to produce multiple threads simultaneously, increasing textile production.

Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves in 1764)

This process refined pig iron by removing impurities, producing higher-quality wrought iron.

Puddling Furnace (Henry Cort in 1784)

A machine that quickly separated cotton fibers from seeds, greatly increasing cotton production.

Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney in 1793)

A construction method that uses compacted stone layers to improve road durability and drainage.

Macadamized Roads (John Loudon McAdam in the 1810s)

The first practical telephone patented, allowing real-time voice communication over long distances.

Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell in 1876)

This engine provided a more efficient alternative to steam power, facilitating the development of automobiles.

Internal Combustion Engine (Nikolaus Otto in 1876)

This invention made electric lighting commercially viable for homes and industries.

Electricity and the Light Bulb (Thomas Edison in 1879)

This technology laid the groundwork for modern wireless communication and broadcasting.

Radio (Guglielmo Marconi in 1895)

The mass migration to cities for factory jobs that resulted in rapid urban growth and changes in living conditions.

Urbanization

The increase in demand for factory workers led to the rise of labor unions advocating for workers' rights and better conditions.

Labor Changes

The consequences of increased industrial activity, including pollution and resource consumption that raised sustainability concerns.

Environmental Effects

Pioneered the development of wireless telegraphy.

Guglielmo Marconi

First succesful radio transmission.

1895

Improved earlier designs by Joseph Swan. This breakthrough made electric lighting accessible for homes, factories, and streets.

Electricity and the Light Bulb

Who built and patented the first gasoline-powered automobile. This marked a shift in the development of motor vehicles that transformed urban planning and mobility.

Karl Benz (1886)

Facilitated real-time conversations over long distances and transformed business and personal interactions.

Alexander Graham Bell Telephone in 1876

Improved transportation networks (1810).

Macadamized Roads (John Loudon McAdam)

Produced higher-quality wrought iron suitable for industrial machinery, railways, and construction

Puddling Furnice - Henry Cort in 1784

Spinning Jenny (YEAR)

1764

Puddling furnace (YEAR)

1784

Cotton Gin (YEAR)

1793

Macadamized Road (YEAR)

1810s

Telephone (YEAR)

1876

Internal Combustion Engine (YEAR)

1876.

Electricity and Incandescent Light Bulb (YEAR)

1879

Radio (YEAR)

1895

Spinning Jenny (CREATOR)

James Hargreaves

Puddling Furnace (CREATOR)

Henry Cort

Cotton Gin (CREATOR)

Eli Whitney

Macadamized Roads (CREATOR)

John Loudon McAdam

Telephone (CREATOR)

Alexander Graham Bell

Radio (CREATOR)

Guglielmo Marconi

Internal Combustion Engine (CREATOR)

Nikolaus Otto

Electricity and Light Bulbs (CREATOR)

Thomas Edison and (prior design: Joseph Swan)