Elon Aviation Multi Engine Oral Exam Study

BE-55

When an engine fails, what is the heading tolerance for certification?

20 degrees

What is a Critical Engine?

The engine that most adversely affects the airplane if it fails. Usually left engine due to P-Factor.

What is accelerate stop distance?

The distance required to accelerate to Vr, experience an engine failure, and bring the airplane to a complete stop.

How does altitude effect stall speed?

Stall speed remains the same.

How does altitude affect Vmc?

Vmc decreases as altitude increases due to horsepower decreasing with altitude in the less dense air. This results in a weaker yawing moment towards the inop engine.

How does bank affect Vmc?

Vmc decreases approximately 3 kts per 1 degree of bank towards operating engine.

How does the manufacturer determine Vmc?

Critical engine inop with prop windmilling

Operating engine at sea level takeoff power

Most unfavorable weight- Lightest allowable

Bank no more than 5 degrees toward operating engine

Aft most CG

Trim & cowl flaps at takeoff configuration

Flaps up

Out of Ground Effect

Gear up

Do you have to do a flight review in a single-engine and multi engine?

No, you have to do a flight review in an aircraft for which you are rated.

Do IFR approaches in a multi-engine airplane count for instrument currency in a single-engine airplane?

Yes, only category specific.

Do landings in a multi-engine airplane count for passenger carrying currency in a single-engine airplane?

No, it is category and class specific.

Does your airplane have a critical engine?

Yes (the left one), and PAST explains why.

P-Factor: the main reason why the left engine is the critical engine. The descending blade on the right engine is further away from the centerline than the descending blade on the left engine.

Accelerated Slipstream: air flow from the operating engine increases lift over right wing, increasing rolling tendency to the left.

Spiraling slipstream: air flow from right engine does not hit vertical stabilizer, increasing yaw to left.

Torque: torque from right engine has greater rolling tendency to the left than the left engine has a rolling tendency to the right.

What is zero side slip?

A condition in which the airplane is banked approximately 2-3 degrees towards operating engine with 1/2 ball deflection towards the operating engine. Results in the least amount of drag.

What considerations are there for operating at the altitude at which Vmc and stall speeds coincide?

The altitude at which Vmc and stall speeds coincides is very dangerous. Recovery should be made at the 1st indication of a stall or loss of directional control.

What is a light twin?

An airplane weighing less than 6000 lbs and Vso 61 kts or less.

What should you do if a cargo door or engine cowling opens in flight?

Fly the airplane, land, and close the door or cowling on the ground.

What should you do in the event of a prop overspeed?

Close throttle.

Slow to Vyse.

Pull prop to low RPM.

Slowly increase throttle until governor is engaged.

Slowly increase prop to desired setting, continue at reduced speed.

Land.

What is Vso?

73 kts

What is Vs?

79 kts

What is Vmc?

78 kts

What is Vr?

84 kts

What is Vx?

84 kts

What is Vsse?

84 kts

What is Vy?

107 kts

What is Vyse?

99 kts

What is Vfe (15 degrees)

153 kts

What is Vfe (30 degrees/full)

122 kts

What is Vle?

153 kts

What is Va?

157 kts

What is Vno?

183 kts

What is Vne?

224 kts

What is VBG?

120 kts

Is a light twin required to show performance on a single engine?

No.

What should you do if the door opens in flight?

Fly the airplane, land, close door on the ground.

If an engine fails, how much is performance affected?

An engine failure results in 80-90 % reduction in climb performance.

How much flight time must you have in a particular make and model of multi-engine airplane to be able to instruct applicants/students that already hold a multi-engine rating?

0 hours.

How much flight time must you have in a particular make and model of multi-engine airplane to be able to instruct applicants for a multi-engine rating?

5 hours.

What is Vmc?

Minimum control speed with critical engine inoperative. The speed a which there is no longer sufficient airflow over the rudder to maintain directional control. Red line.

If you get a multi-engine rating in a twin with centerline thrust, can you fly other twins?

No, you will be issued a certificate limitation to fly centerline thrust only.

What is the procedure for steep turns?

Clearing turns

Select visual/HDG reference

15" MAP/2300 RPM

At ~120 KTS 19" MAP

50° bank

Complete 360° turn Left & Right

What is the procedure for Slow Flight?

Clearing turns

Select visual/HDG reference

15" MAP/Props Full

Maintain altitude as speed decreases

Gear down below 150 KTS

Full flaps below 122 KTS

Throttle ~18" MAP @ 85-90 KTS

Flaps Up (Avoid stall warning)

Recovery = GO AROUND

What is the procedure for Power Off Stall?

Clearing turns

Select visual/HDG reference

15" MAP/2300 RPM

Maintain altitude as speed decreases

Gear down below 150 KTS

Full flaps below 122 KTS

Full props below 122 KTS

At 99 KTS Throttle idle

Establish descent

Increase Pitch to induce stall

1st indication Recovery = GO AROUND

What is the procedure for Power On Stall?

Clearing turns Select visual/HDG reference 15" MAP/2300 RPM Maintain altitude as speed decreases Full props below 122 KTS Slow to 84 KTS Increase to 18" MAP Increase Pitch to induce stall PVT Full stall/COM Full or 1st sign Recovery = GO AROUND

What is the procedure for Accelerated Stall?

Clearing turns (3000 AGL)

Select visual/HDG reference

15" MAP

Maintain altitude as speed decreases

Full props below 122 KTS

45° Bank Recover at 1st sign of stall

Pitch down, Wings level, Full Throttles

What is the procedure for Go Around?

Props Full

Throttles Full

Flaps 15°

Establish climb

Gear up below 120 KTS

Flaps Up

What is the procedure for Vmc Demo?

Clearing turns (5000 AGL)

Flaps Up

Gear Up

Cowl Flaps Open

Mixture Rich 15" MAP/Props Full below 122 KTS

At Vyse left throttle idle/right throttle full

Pitch for 1 knot per second

At stall indication OR loss of control

Throttles idle/ pitch down for Vyse

What is the procedure for Emergency Descent?

Clearing turns

Gear down below 150 KTS

Prop Full/Throttle idle

Pitch for 145-150 KTS

Bank 30°

Select suitable landing site

Recovery = GO AROUND

What is the procedure for Unusual Altitude Recovery?

Airspeed decreasing

Nose down

Prop full/Throttle full

Wings level

Airspeed increasing

Throttle idle

Wings level

Nose up

Airspeed increasing Throttle idle Wings level Nose up

What is the Simulated Engine Failure Procedure?

Pitch for Vyse (blue line)

Establish zero side slip

Mixtures up

Props up

Throttles up

Flaps up

Gear up

Identify (dead foot = dead engine)

Verify (reduce throttle)

Decide (fix it or feather it)

Fix it-fuel selector,

throttle 1/2,

fuel pump on,

master on

mags check

Feather it-

throttle idle,

prop feather

mixture/mags/fuel off

cross feed as required

What is the Pre-Take Off Briefing?

Engine fails prior to rotation-chop the throttles and stop

Engine fails after rotation with gear down-chop the throttle and land

Engine fails after gear up below safe altitude-do the procedure and feather it

Engine fails above a safe altitude-do the procedure and attempt to fix it

What is there to know about the Engines?

Continental IO-470

260 Horsepower at Max 2625 RPM

Fuel-injected

6 cylinders

Air-cooled

Horizontally opposed

12 quarts max/ 9 minimum

What is there to know about the Props?

3-bladed Hartzell

all metal

constant speed

full feathering

un-feathering accumulators

What is there to know about the Fuel system?

142 gallons total

136 gallons usable

3 positions selectors On-Off-Crossfeed

Crossfeed ops-level flight only

Aux electric fuel pumps with High-Off-Low settings

Use High for priming or loss of engine-driven pump

Use Low to eliminate pressure fluctuations

What is there to know about the Cabin Heat?

Combustion heater in nose

Blower is used for ground ops

Overtemp circuit breaker will shut off - Maintenance then required

For HEAT-Switch to HEAT; CABIN AIR Full Fwd; CABIN HEAT Pull On

Blower operates if gear is down

What is there to know about the Electrical System?

Two 12 volt batteries in nose

External power outboard left engine

Two 50 amp 24 volt belt driven alternators

What is there to know about the Flight Controls?

Push-pull rods and cables Trim for all flight controls Flaps are electric with 3 positions 0, 15, 30 degrees Brakes are only on pilot side

What is there to know about the Landing Gear?

Electrically driven, retractable gear

Three green lights and a mirror for gear down

Red light for unsafe

Safety switch on main strut disables motor

Warning horn activates with Throttle(s) reduced and gear up

Manual extension with crank behind front seats; Pull breaker and turn counterclockwise fully (about 50 turns); Do NOT operate gear Electrically with crank engaged

What is the max weight?

5100 lbs.

What should you do if the Air Start Procedure doesn't work?

Turn the ignition to start the inoperative engine.

What is the takeoff procedure?

Hold Brakes

Power 2000

RPM Release Brakes/Add full power

Rotate at Vr (84 kts)

Gear up when no more usable runway

What should you do at 1100 feet after takeoff?

Power "25 squared" (25'' and 2500 RPM) Fly at Vy (107kts)

What should you do at 1600 feet after takeoff in the pattern?

Turn Crosswind/Downwind

Training Cruise (18" and 2300 RPM)

Gas - On

Undercarriage - Gear down "3 Green, One in Mirror"

Mixture - Rich

Props - Full

Switches - Lights on

What should you do when on base?

Flaps 15

Blue line or better (Vsye, 99 kts)

What is a critical engine?

The engine that most adversely affects the airplane if it fails.

Which engine is critical on your airplane?

The left engine.

Which way do both engines rotate?

Both engines rotate clockwise.

Why is the left engine critical?

PAST - P-factor, Accelerated slip stream, Spiraling slipstream, and Torque effect.

What is P-factor?

The right propeller’s descending blade is farther from the longitudinal axis than

the left propeller’s descending blade. Causing YAW.

What is Accelerated slip stream?

The accelerated air moving aft over the right wing is farther from the longitudinal axis than the accelerated air moving aft over the left wing. Causing ROLL.

What is spiraling slipstream?

The air spiraling off the right propeller goes off into the air away from the airplane. The air spiraling off the left propeller would hit the vertical stabilizer aiding in direction control. When the left engine fails you lose this helping air. Causing YAW.

What is torque effect?

The torque effect from the right engine is greater than the torque effect from the left engine due to the distance from the longitudinal axis. Causing ROLL.

What is Vmc?

Minimum controllable air speed with the critical engine inoperative.

What is Vmc for your airplane?

78 kts

How is Vmc marked on the airspeed indicator?

Red line.

Why can you not maintain directional control below Vmc?

Insufficient airflow over the rudder.

What are the indications that you need to recover from Vmc?

Stall warning or loss of control—whichever occurs first.

What is the recovery procedure from Vmc?

Reduce throttles to idle and pitch down

In what configuration was the airplane placed to determine Vmc?

Critical engine inop with prop windmilling

Operating engine at sea level takeoff power

Most unfavorable weight- Lightest allowable

Bank no more than 5 degrees toward operating engine

Aft most CG

Trim & cowl flaps at takeoff configuration

Flaps up

Out of Ground Effect

Gear up

Describe the effects of density altitude changes on Vmc.

As density altitude increases Vmc decreases due to reduced power available on the

operating engine.

Describe the effects of weight changes on Vmc.

As weight decreases, Vmc increases due to momentum and the horizontal component of

lift

Describe the effects of CG changes on Vmc.

As the CG moves aft Vmc increases due to a shorter arm from CG to the rudder

Describe the effects of bank angle changes on Vmc.

Vmc changes approximately 3 knots/1 degree of bank. Vmc decreases banking toward

operating engine and increases banking toward inoperative engine

Describe a zero side slip.

Approximately 2-3 degrees of bank and half a ball toward operating engine to reduce

drag

Describe what to do if an engine fails prior to rotation.

Throttles idle, apply brakes, maintain directional control

Describe what to do if an engine fails after rotation with the gear down.

Throttle idle, land, maintain directional control.

Describe what to do if an engine fails after gear retraction below a safe altitude.

Do the procedure and feather.

Describe what to do if an engine fails above a safe altitude.

Do the procedure and attempt restart.

Describe risks, ADM, procedures for single engine go-arounds.

POH strictly prohibits single engine go-arounds if the flaps are extended. Get the landing

right the first time - not recommended to attempt single engine go-arounds.

What is a spin?

Uncoordinated stall resulting in autorotation.

How do you recover from a spin?

Power idle

Ailerons neutral

Rudder opposite

Elevator forward

Describe your weight and balance calculations.

Show profile on ForeFlight and explain where the numbers came from.

How much weight can be placed into the nose baggage compartment?

300 lbs.

How much weight can be placed into the aft baggage compartment?

120 lbs.

What is the takeoff distance?

Calculate with POH.

What is the accelerate stop-distance?

Calculate with POH. The distance it takes to accelerate to Vr, experience an engine failure, reduce throttles, and stop.

What is the two-engine rate of climb?

Calculate with POH.

What is the single engine rate of climb?

Calculate with POH.

What is the single engine service ceiling?

Calculate with POH. Altitude at which the airplane will climb at 50 fpm on a single engine.

What is the cruise performance?

Calculate with POH.

What is the endurance?

Calculate with POH.