eukaryotic elongation and capping

Elongation stage

The phase of transcription following initiation where the RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA by adding nucleotides.

Eukaryotic transcription

Transcription process in eukaryotes that involves additional events including RNA processing.

RNA processing

A series of modifications, including capping, splicing, editing, and tailing, that pre-mRNA undergoes to become mature mRNA.

Capping

The first RNA processing event where a guanine nucleotide is added to the five prime end of the RNA transcript after removing a phosphate.

Methylguanosine cap

A modified guanine nucleotide added to the five prime end of mRNA that stabilizes the RNA and facilitates its transport out of the nucleus.

NTP

Nucleotide triphosphates, the building blocks of RNA that are linked together during transcription.

Phosphorylation of polymerase

A modification required for promoter clearance during the elongation stage of transcription.

3' end

The end of the RNA molecule where new nucleotides are added during transcription.

Cap binding proteins

Proteins that attach to the methyl guanosine cap and play critical roles in translation and ribosomal recycling.

Splicing

The removal of introns and joining of exons in pre-mRNA to form mature mRNA.

Pre-mRNA

The initial RNA transcript produced during transcription that undergoes processing to become mature mRNA.