List the characteristics of living things.

Variation

Individuals within a population exhibit differences in their traits. These variations can include physical characteristics (like size, color, or shape), physiological traits (like metabolic rate or disease resistance

Inheritance

Many of these variations are heritable, meaning they can be passed down from parents to their offspring. This inheritance occurs through genes, which carry the genetic information that determines an organism's traits.

Overproduction

Organisms typically produce more offspring than can possibly survive and reproduce. This leads to a struggle for existence, as resources (food, water, shelter, mates) are limited.

Differential Survival and Reproduction

ue to the overproduction of offspring and limited resources, there is competition among individuals. Individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on those advantageous traits to their offspring.