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basic musical definitions (dynamics)
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pianissimo
abbr. pp. very soft
piano
abbr. p. soft
mezzo
medium or moderately
mezzo piano
abbr. mp. medium soft
mezzo forte
abbr. mf. moderately loud
forte
abbr. f. loud
fortissimo
abbr. ff. very loud
diminuendo
abbr. dim. means gradually getting softer (sign: >)
crescendo
abbr. cresc. means gradually getting louder (sign: <)
poco a poco
“little by little” indicates a gradual increase or decrease in volume of sound
accent
a stress on notes so marked
sforzando
abbr. sfz. strongly accented or note or chord
sforzato
abbr. sfp. strongly accented by then immediately piano
subito
suddenly. usually to indicate a dramatically sudden change in dynamic level of sound