blood flow and metabolism

true

pressures in the pulmonary circulation are low

t or f

false

pressures in the pulmonary circulation are high

t or f

true

the walls of the pulmonary artery are thin with little smooth muscle

t or f

false

the walls of the pulmonary artery are thing with lots of smooth muscle

t or f

true

the lung must receive the entire cardiac output

t or f

pulmonary

the __________ circulation has a very dense network of capillaries

systemic

the __________ circulation has a slightly dense network of capillaries

lower

due to the capillaries the pulmonary circulation has a __________ pressure

higher

due to the capillaries the systemic circulation has a __________ pressure

alveolar vessels

________________ are exposed to alveolar pressure and compressed if the pressure increases

extra-alveolar vessels

_________________ are the arteries and veins that run through the lung parenchyma and is affected by lung volume

true

vascular resistance = (input pressure - output pressure) / bloof flow

t or f

false

vascular resistance = (output pressure - input pressure) / bloof flow

t or f

vascular resistance

resistance to flow that must be overcome to push blood through the circulatory system

true

pulmonary vascular resistance is lower compared to systemic vascular resistance

t or f

false

pulmonary vascular resistance is higher compared to systemic vascular resistance

t or f

recruitment

occurs in capillaries when arterial BP rises causing closed blood vessels to open and allow blood to flow through

increasing arterial pressure

recruitment occurs when pulmonary vascular resistance decreases with ____________________

distension

occurs in capillaries when pressure increases in capillaries causing it to caliber or size

increasing venous pressure

distension occurs when it reduces vascular resistance due to a _________________

true

both arterial and venous pressure causes pulmonary vascular resistance to decrease

t or f

false

arterial pressure causes a decrease in pulmonary vasculature resistance and venous pressure causes an increase

t or f

recruitment

the fall in vascular resistance with increasing arterial pressure is related to __________________

distension

the fall in PVR with increasing venous pressure is related to ______________

true

recruitment and distension occurs at the same time but work independently

t or f

false

recruitment and distension occur at the same time and work together to cause changes in pulmonary vascular resistance

t or f

u shape

the lung volume and vascular resistance relationship has a _______

increased

in low lung volumes the PVR is ___________

true

at low lung vols the smooth muscles and elastic fibers reduce the caliber of the PVR

t or f

decreased

in medium lung volumes the PVR is _________

increased

at high lung volumes the PVR starts to become ___________

false

at high lung volumes the capillaries will become stretched but will have no impact on PVR

t or f

true

at high lung volumes the capillaries will become stretched causing it to collapse thus increase PVR

t or f

uniform

blood flow in the lungs is not

hydrostatic column

the arterial circulation can be viewed as a ___________

greater

the lower the column the _________ the pressure is

lower

the higher the column is the __________ the pressure is

increased

the increased pressure at the bottom of the lung causes BF to be __________

decreased

the decreased pressure at the top of the lung causes BF to be ______________

true

the greatest amount of BF is found near the bottom of the lung and decreases linearly as the lung goes up

t or f

false

the greatest amount of BF is found near the bottom of the lung and increases linearly as the lung goes up

t or f

gravity

there is an increased BF at the bottom of the lungs due to ____________

false

the BF to the lungs will always have a top down affect

t or f

starling resistor

the gravitational effect causes a ____________ where you have different zones

zone 1

__________ has alveolar pressure greater than arterial pressure causing no BF

false

having a zone 1 is normal in healthy people

t or f

true

having a zone 1 in normal people is due to extreme blood loss or high alveolar pressure

alveolar deadspace

zone 1 has sealed off blood vessels due to too much pressure in the alveoli being too much to pass onto the capillaries

zone 2

_________ has arterial pressure greater than alveolar pressure with venous pressure being lower than alveolar

arterial-alveolar pressure

zone 2 BF is determined by_____________

true

zone 2 has a higher BF with high arterial pressure causing more recruitment

t or f

false

zone 2 has a higher BF with high arterial pressure causing more distention

t or f

zone 3

this zone has greater arterial and venous pressure compared to alveolar

arterial venous gradient

in zone 3 BF id determined by ________________

true

as you get lower in the lungs flow increases largely due to distension

t or f

false

as you get lower in the lungs flow increases largely due to recruitment

t or f

hypoxic pulmonary vasconstriction

occurs when the lungs start to constrict to close off pulmonary arteries

true

HPV occurs in fetuses before they are born and in adults

t or f

false

HPV can only occur in fetuses before they are born

decreases

as alveolar PO2 decreases blood flow to the area ___________

true

HPV can prove helpful to those with COPD

t or f

false

HPV can prove useful to someone in high altitudes

t or f

ventilation and perfusion

HPV reduces BF to the segment to restore pulmonary gas exchange as _____________________ will be better matched

pulmonary edema

this occurs if the HPV effects are increasing too much causing failure of alveolar capillary interface or causing alveoli to explode

starling law

fluid exchange across the capillary endothelium obeys_______________

interstitial space

fluid that is in the capillary tends to exchange across the epithelium to the _________

lymphatic system

the __________________ takes out the fluid found in the interstitial space

perivascular/peribronchial spaces

this space is around vasculature and bronchial areas that take fluid from the interstitium before leaving to lymphs

alveolar space

if fluid from the capillaires end up in the ________________ then is it more dangerous as it compromises gas exchange

true

fluid in the alveoli gets actively pumped out

t or f

false

fluid in the alveoli can be passively pumped out

t or f

overwhelmed

fluid in the alveoli uses active transport but becomes _____________ if there is too much

bloodborne substances

the lung is the only organ except the heart that gets whole circulation to modify _______________

bronchoactive

several vasoactive and ______________ substances are metabolized in the lungs and can be released

arachidonic acid metabolites

_____________________ are important vasoactive and bronchoactive substances