Survey Of Greek History Midterm

Apoika

A Greek colony established in a foreign land, often for trade or resource exploitation. Directly translates to away from house

metropolis

The parent city or state that founded a colony. The Mother City

Major Mountain Ranges of Greece

Tagyetos Mountains - Sparta

Pierian Mountains - Olympus

Pindus Mountains - Delphi

Arcadian Mountains - Corinth

Major Mountains

Mount Olympus and Mount Parnassus

Emanthian Plain

North of Olympus, rich soil, rich in gold, silver, timber, and pitch

Boetian Plain

Above Athens, served as the location for classical battles, translates to cow plain

Lanconian Plain

Sparta and the surrounding areas

Thermopylae

The Pathway to Greece, used by the Persians to invade mainland Greece

October-May

Wet season

May-Oct

Dry Season

August and September

Warfare season

Olives, Grapes, and Grain

The Mediterranean Triad

Preserved/Manuscript Texts

Poetry, prose, speeches

Inscribed Texts

Public/private documents, curse tablets, graffiti

Archaeological Evidence

Artifacts and the built environment

Environmental evidence

Pollen, natural disasters, pollution

Archaeology

the systematic investigation into the physical evidence of the human occupied past

Big Digs

major excavations of cities/sites funded by universities or state governments

synergasia

long term cooperation between American universities and Greek archaeological authorities

Rescue Excavation

Excavation conducted before major construction/urbanization projects

Nautical/Maritime Excavation

Excavations of shipwrecks or coastal settlements

Bronze

90% Copper 10% Tin

Early Bronze Age

3000-2100 BCE

Middle Bronze Age

2100-1600 BCE

Late Bronze Age

1600-1150 BCE

Palatial Period

1650-1450 BCE

Linear A

An inventory language used by the Minoans on Crete

Bulls

An important part of Minoan society, used for sacrificesEar and as a status symbol

Early Mycenaean Period

1600-1400 BCE

Mycenaean Palace Period

1400-1150 BCE

Linear B

Mycenaean inventory language

Destruction/Burn Layer

A layer of ash or charcoal

Homeric Texts

The Iliad and The Odyssey

Xenia

Guest Friendship, Warriors from opposing sides exchanging gifts because of preestablished relationships

Time

value/price, in Homer’s time it meant honor(physical)

Agathos

Good, beautiful, productive/useful

Kleos

glory through warfare

Characteristics of Oral Poetry

repetition of stock words/phrases, Epithets, character names that describe the function they perform

Dactylic Hexameter

The meter of epic poetry

Epigraphy

Scientific study, classification, and interpretation of incriptions

Epigrapher’s Tool Kit

Ruler, carpenter’s square, compass, chisel, mallet, pair of calipers, plumb level

Process of Carving Stone

laying out/ordering the text, receipt of text to carve, stone polished, guidelines added, draft version of the text lightly incised, chisel with wooden headed mallet and iron chisel, paint letters red

Dekate

on the 10th day after birth, the child is carried around the hearth and welcomed into the family

Exposure

When infants are set out with a chance of survival in a natural area or temple

Age groups in the gymnasium

7-11, 11-14/15, 16—20

Lycurgus

Spartan lawgiver, received the Spartan law code from the Oracle at Delphi

Drako’s Law

Law on Homicide 621 BCE

Solon

Athens’ Lawgiver

Peisistratus

Wealthy landowner, tyrant of Athens 546-527 BCE

Hippias and Hipparchus

Peisistratus’ sons and successors

Isagoras

tries to become tyrant after the Peisistratids

Kleisthenes

Helps to establish democracy in Athens

10 Tribes

Voting units

Trittyes

three groups within each tribe, one coastal, one plain, one city

Demes

Villages

Ostracism

the removal of a prominent figure from Athens for 10 years by a majority vote

Assembly

where legislation was voted on, all citizens could participate

Boule

council, set the agenda for the assembly and created legislation

Hoplite

heavily armed Greek soldier