history study guide - part 2

his 1301.012 2nd test

Committee of Observation and Safety

A group formed to oversee the militia and prepare for potential conflicts.

Minutemen

American colonial militia members ready to fight at a minute's notice.

Militia

Military force composed of ordinary citizens trained for combat.

Second Continental Congress

A convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body during the American Revolution.

Common Sense

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for independence from Britain.

Battle of Lexington and Concord

The first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.

Continental Army

The army formed by the colonies to fight against British rule in the Revolutionary War.

Federalists

Political group that favored a strong national government and the ratification of the Constitution.

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of a strong federal government, advocating for states' rights and a Bill of Rights.

The Great Compromise

A compromise made during the Constitutional Convention that established a bicameral legislature.

Shays's Rebellion

An armed uprising in 1786-1787 by debt-ridden farmers in Massachusetts, highlighting the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Louisiana Purchase

The acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803, which doubled the size of the U.S.

War of 1812

A conflict between the United States and Britain over trade and impressment of American sailors.

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Cherokee and other Native Americans to designated Indian Territory, leading to significant suffering and death.

Three-Fifths Clause

A compromise in the Constitution counting each slave as three-fifths of a person for representation purposes.

Republican Motherhood

The idea that women should educate their children in the principles of republicanism and civic virtue.

Nullification Crisis

A confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government over the state's right to nullify federal laws.

XYZ Affair

A diplomatic incident in which French agents demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats, leading to public outrage.

Erie Canal

A canal in New York that facilitated trade and transportation from the Great Lakes to New York City.

Battle of Yorktown

The last major battle of the American Revolutionary War, which secured American independence.

Indigenous Intercourse Act of 1790

Legislation regulating trade and relations with Native Americans.

Sedition Act

An act making it illegal to criticize the government or its officials.

Election of 1800

The presidential election that marked the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the U.S.