Lipid Metabolism: Fatty Acid Biosynthesis and Beta-Oxidation

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on lipid metabolism, including fatty acid biosynthesis, β-oxidation, ketogenesis, and cholesterol synthesis.

What is the primary role of fatty acid oxidation?

Fatty acid oxidation provides energy to cells when glucose levels are low.

What is the end product of fatty acid degradation?

The end products are acetyl-CoA, FADH2, and NADH.

What is formed after the fatty acid adenylation in the formation of fatty acyl-CoA?

Fatty acyl-adenylate (enzyme-bound intermediate) is formed.

What happens to fatty acyl-CoA when energy cell charge is low?

Fatty acyl-CoA is imported into the mitochondrial matrix for degradation.

What are the two outcomes when energy cell charge is high concerning fatty acyl-CoA?

Fatty acid synthesis is favored, and mitochondrial import of fatty acyl-CoA is inhibited by malonyl-CoA.

What are the four steps of the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway?

1. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (oxidation) 2. Enoyl-CoA hydratase (hydration) 3. 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (oxidation) 4. β-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (thiolysis).

How many ATP are generated from the β-oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA?

Total of 108 ATP are generated per palmitoyl-CoA.

What is ketogenesis?

The process where excess acetyl-CoA is converted to ketone bodies during starvation.

What is the primary action of statin drugs in cholesterol biosynthesis?

Statin drugs inhibit stage 1 of cholesterol biosynthesis, which involves HMG-CoA reductase.

What is the final step in cholesterol synthesis?

Squalene is cyclized to form lanosterol, which is then converted into cholesterol.