Hormones (Production site and Function)

Prolactin

-Produced in the anterior pituitary gland

-Stimulates mammary gland growth and synthesis of milk

Norepinephrine

-Produced in the adrenal medulla and sympatic nerve endings

-Regulates heart rate and blood pressure; “freeze, flight, fight”; internal blood vessels

Estrogen

-Produced in the ovaries and testicles

-Increases uterine lining; menstrual cycles (endometrium lining)

Melatonin

-Produced in the pineal gland

-Maintains circadian cycle; regulates sleep; antioxidant; targets retina and hypothalamus

Calcitonin

-Produced in the c-cells of the thyroid

-Regulates calcium levels in the blood

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

-Produced in the adrenal cortex

-Increases heart rate and blood sugar (targets liver and glycogen breakdown); catecholamine (hormone and neurotransmitter); skin constriction of blood vessels

Glucagon

-Produced in the pancreas

-Increases blood sugar levels; stimulates breakdown of glycogen in liver

Parathyroid hormone

-Produced in the parathyroid gland

-Controls calcium levels in bloodstream

TSH

-Produced in the anterior pituitary

-Maintains homeostasis (blood sugar, blood pressure); influences T3 and T4

T3 and T4

-Produced in the thyroid gland (endocrine system)

-Increase oxygen/metabolism; oxidative phosphorylation in brown adipose tissue; lipid metabolism

Insulin

-Produced in the pancreas

-Regulates blood sugar; turns sugar into energy

Endorphins

-Produced in the anterior pituitary gland

-Relieve pain everywhere in the nervous system

Growth Hormone

-Produced in the anterior pituitary gland

-Maintains normal body structure and metabolism

LH

-Produced in the anterior pituitary gland

-Helps grow ovarian follicles; stimulates ovulation and synthesis of testosterone

Dopamine

-Produced in the brain

-Plays a role in body movement, motivation, and pleasure

Oxytocin

-Produced in the posterior pituitary gland

-Stimulates contraction of uterine muscles and mammalian gland cells for birth and nursing

ADH

-Produced in the posterior pituitary gland

-Promotes retention of water in the kidneys

ACTH

-Produced in the anterior pituitary gland

-Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

FSH

-Produced in the anterior pituitary gland

-Stimulates production of egg and sperm

Mineralocorticoids

-Produced in the adrenal cortex

-Affects salt and water balance in the kidneys

Glucocorticoids

-Produced in the adrenal medulla

-Pain relief, reinforce effects of glucagon

Testosterone

-Produced in the testes

-stimulates development and maintenance of male reproductive system; makes embryo male sex characteristics

Progesterone

-Produced in the ovaries

-Promotes continues uterine lining growth