Lesson 67 Female Reproductive system

Equine and Bovine

Species where vaginal fornix form circumferential ring like recess that can impede advancement of artificial insemination catheter

Major component female repro system

bovine

Species where the uterine horn is curved inward

Canine ovaries topography

ventral to lumbar vertebra and caudal to kidneys. Right more cranial than left.

Canine right ovary

dorsal to descending duodenum and ascending colon

Canine Left ovary

between descending colon and abdominal wall

Canine inactive Ovaries morphology

elliposidal/oval/round in shape

Canine Active Ovaries Moprhology

irregular shaped because of copus luteum or follicles

Polytocous

produces many offspring

Monotocous

Produce one offspring

Ovarian bursa image

Ovarian Bursa

Space formed by fusion of distal mesovarium and mesalpinx. Basically pouch that holds ovaries.

Canine Ovarian Bursa opening

small slit like opening

Feline ovarian bursa opening

fairly large opening

Large species ovarian bursa opening

Mesovarium and mesosalpinx form cape or jacket covering over the ovaries

Fallopian tube/ uterine tube function

transport ovum to uterus(site of fertilization). Supported by mesosalpinx

Uterine tube components

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus(blue arrow)

Infundibulum

Funnel shaped ovarian end of the tube. Lined by fibria/fingerlike projections on its free border that traps released ovum

Amupulla

site of fertilization. contues the infundibulum. widest part of uterine horn

Isthmus

continues the ampulla and narrows in diameter and straightens out. Joins uterine horn at spinctered papilla called uterotubal junction

Uterine horn in ruminants

widens in diameter as it connects to uterine horn

Canine Uterus topography

dorsolateral to loops of intestines and ventral to digestive tract in pelvic cavity

Canine Uterine horns

Y shaped. Site of implantation. suspended by broad ligament in dorsolateral region in abdominal cavity

Canine Uterine body

located between horns and cervix. Located dorsal to bladder and proximal urethra. Short in dogs. longer in cats

Canine uterus image

Broad ligament

bilateral sheets suspends ovaries, uterine tube, uterus and vagina to abdominal roof and pelvic walls. Composed mesometrium, mesovarium, mesosalpinx

mesometrium

largest part of the broad ligament in the dog/cat uterus. It attaches the ,uterine horn, uterus and cranial vagina to the dorsolateral body wall. Houses uterine vessels

mesovarium

cranial part of the broad ligament and ovarian pedicle that connects ovaries of the dogs/cats to the dorsolateral abdominal wall

mesosalpinx

fold arrising from mesovarium that attaches to the two uterine tubes onto the mesovarium, not directly attached to the body wall

ovarian pedicle

arterial and venous structures within the mesovarium which supply and return blood to and from the ovary. This is ligated and trisected in spays.

Proper ligament

caudal continuation of free edge of mesovarium. Connect ovary to uterine horn

Round Ligament

Caudal continuation of proper ligament, passes through vaginal ring/inguinal canal. Forms vaginal process in bitches. Supports pregnant uterus.

suspensory ligament

cranial end of mesovarium. forms proper ligament of ovary, Attaches ovary to last few ribs and transversalis fascia. Normally ripped to free ovaries during spay.

Cervix Canine

sphincter of the uterus. found in pelvic cavity. Lumen has longitudinal folds

Carnine cervix-Portio vaginalis

caudal projection of cervix into vaginal lumen

Fornix vagina

Recess around vaginal portion of the cervix, site of obstruction when passing AI catheter

Interal ostium/os

opening towards the body of the uterus

external ostium/os

opening towards vagina and forms the ends of cervical canal

Vagina borders-Canine

proximally-vaginal fornix

caudally-external urethral opening

transverse-mucosal ridge, urethra tubercle (dog) and groove (cats). Transverse hymen(horse)

Vestibule-canine

Female copulatory organ. together with vagina forms the birth canal. Also part of urinary tract. Hold accessory sex glands

Vestibule accessory sex glands

dog-minor vestibular gland

cats- minor and major(Bartholin) vestibular gland

Vestibular bulbs(dog/horse)

dark patch on mucosa wall of vestibule, concentrated erectile tissue with venous sinus. Helps with “tie” when mating

Fossa clitoridis and clitoris

Invagination that houses clitoris/ homologue to penis

Vulva-canine

lips fused dorsally and ventrally to form vulva comissure

Most Species

Dorsal commisure is rounded which ventral commissure is pointed in ______

Arrangment of reproductive tract from external to internal

vulva, vesibule, vagina, cervix, uterine body and horns, uterine tube, ovaries

Ligaments of female reproductive system image

Pudendal nerve

What innervates muscles of the vulva/vestibule?

Ovarian atery

Branches directly from aorta and gives off uterine branch to ovaries

Vaginal artery

branches fron internal pudendal artery supplies vagina, vestibule, cervix. Cranial branch of uterine artery

within Broad ligament

where ovarian and vaginal artery anastomose and must be ligated in ovariohysterectomy

Repro artery pic

Uterine Veins to cauda vena cava

What vein drains the uterus

Nerve supply to female reproductive organs

caudal mesenteric plexus-sympathetic→ ovaries

Vagus nerve-parasympathetic→ ovaries

pelvic plexus-para and sympathetic→ rest of reproductive tract

pudendal nerve-motor innervation→ constrictor vestibuli and constrictor vulvae

Ovaries-Bovine

oval and small. located just cranial to pelvic inlet. Most caudally located among all species. Follicles and corpora lutea are palpable on surface

Ovaries structure-bovine

divided into outer cortex and inner medulla.

cortex dense and contains follicles and CL

medulla less compact has vessels, nerves, and lymphs, SM and CT

tunica albuginea is outermost layer of white fibrous tissue