Overview of Human Physiology and Homeostasis

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the structure and function of human physiology, including homeostasis, the role of different systems, and mechanisms of control within the body.

What is physiology?

The study of the function of living organisms and the mechanisms responsible for life.

What is the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

The fluid outside of cells, consisting mainly of a water solution of ions and nutrients, critical for cellular function.

What is homeostasis?

The maintenance of nearly constant internal conditions within the body.

Who coined the term homeostasis?

Walter Cannon.

What are the major components of the human body's solid composition?

Proteins & other related substances (18%), Minerals (7%), Fats & other lipids (15%).

What is the role of the respiratory system in the ECF?

It picks up oxygen from the alveoli and delivers it to the cells in the bloodstream.

What processes are involved in maintaining homeostasis through the nervous system?

Sensory input, central processing, and motor output.

What is the baroreceptor system?

A rapid-acting control mechanism that regulates arterial blood pressure through changes in vessel stretch.

What is the function of hormones in the body?

Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands and transported in the ECF to regulate various cellular functions.

What is the significance of negative feedback in physiological control systems?

Negative feedback mechanisms oppose changes and help maintain homeostasis by returning systems toward normal.

How does adaptive control function in the nervous system?

It involves adjusting movements based on sensory feedback from previous actions.