AP Human geography

Concentric Zone Model

A model that represents urban land use in a series of concentric rings, with the central business district at the center.

De Facto Segregation

Separation of groups not enforced by law, often resulting from social norms and economic factors.

Galactic City Model

A model describing a city that is decentralized and characterized by a series of interconnected suburbs surrounding a central city.

Gentrification

The process where urban neighborhoods undergo change as wealthier residents move in, often displacing existing lower-income residents.

Greenbelt

A policy or area of open land around a city to limit urban sprawl and protect natural spaces.

Hoyt Sector Model

A model proposing that urban land use is arranged in sectors radiating out from the central business district.

Multiple-Nuclei Model

A model suggesting that cities have multiple centers (nuclei) for different activities, rather than a single CBD.

New Urbanism

An urban design movement promoting walkable neighborhoods with a diverse range of housing and jobs.

Slow-Growth City

A city that adopts policies to limit or slow down urban development and expansion.

Smart Growth

An approach to urban planning that focuses on sustainable development, efficient use of resources, and community well-being.