ww1 history test

ural mountains

mountain range in russia that separates europe and asia

archduke franz ferdinand

austrian heir whose assassination sparked world war 1

total war

a war where a country uses all its resources and civilians help the war effort

virgin island purchase - 1917

the us bought the virgin islands from denmark to keep germany from using them during ww1

mexican revolution

a violent uprising that caused instability and worried the united states during ww1

pancho villa

mexican revolutionary leader who led raids against the united states

mexican migration to the u.s.

mexicans moved to the u.s. for jobs during ww1, especially as labor shortages grew

watchful waiting

a policy of delaying action and observing before getting involved

triple entente (allies)

an alliance of britain, france, and russia during ww1

triple alliance (central powers)

an alliance of germany, austria-hungary, and italy (italy later leaves) during ww1

pacifist

someone who opposes war and violence and wants peace

lusitanian

british passenger ship sunk by a german u-boat in 1915, helping push the u.s. toward entering ww1

unrestricted submarine warfare

when submarines attack ships (including civilian ones) without warning

balance of power

a situation where countries keep equal strength to prevent any one nation from dominating others

mobilization

getting troops and resources ready for war quickly

“over the top”

when soldiers leave their trenches and charge across no-man’s-land into battle

evil dog’s

nickname for u.s. marines (from ww1) known for being fierce fighters

fatherland

a term meaning “one’s home country,” often used by germans to refer to germany in ww1

veteran’s day

u.s. holiday on nov 11 to honor military veterans; originally armistice day for the end of ww1

wwi years

1914–1918

u.s. entered in ww1 in

1917

western front

main battle area in france and belgium where trench warfare was fought during ww1

eastern front

ww1 battle area along the russia-germany/austria-hungary border

trench warfare

fighting from long dug-out trenches with heavy defenses

woodrow wilson

u.s. president during ww1 who created the 14 points and pushed for the league of nations

zimmerman telegram

a secret message from germany to mexico offering land if mexico joined the war

no man’s land

the dangerous area between opposing trenches

poison gas

machine guns

automatic weapons that fired rapidly

tanks

armored vehicles used in ww1 to cross trenches and break stalemates

airplanes

used for scouting and air combat

red baron

the red baron was a famous german fighter pilot

dog fights

close air battles between fighter planes

u boats

german submarines used to sink enemy ships

schilieffen plan

germany’s plan to quickly defeat france, then turn and fight russia

belleauwood (1918)

a major battle where u.s. marines stopped german forces in france

influenza

a deadly flu pandemic that spread during and after ww1

bunker

a reinforced shelter used to protect soldiers from enemy fire

exile

forced removal from one’s country, usually for political reasons

yanks

nickname for american soldiers

war declared

official announcement that a country is entering a war

bond drives

campaigns to sell government bonds to raise money for the war

espionage act

law that punished spying or helping the enemy during wartime

a.e.f

american expeditionary forces: the u.s. army sent to fight in europe

selective service

the draft system for calling men into military service during wartime

black migration to northern citites

movement of african americans from the south to northern cities for jobs and better living

aims of allies + u.s

to defeat the central powers and win the war, then shape peace terms to prevent future wars

war time man power

the total number of people available for military service during a war

russian revolution

the 1917 uprising that overthrew the czar and led to the rise of the soviet government

vladimir lenin

leader of the bolsheviks who led the russian revolution and created the soviet union

communism

political system where the government owns property and controls the economy, aiming for equality and no class devisions

u.s.s.r

union of soviet socialist republics: the communist nation formed after the russian revolution

14 points

woodrow wilson’s plan for peace after ww1, focusing on self-determination and preventing future wars

kaiser wilhem ii

german emperor during ww1 who led germany into the war

rationing

limiting how much food or supplies people can buy so there’s enough for the military and everyone during war

propaganda

information used to influence people’s opinions and support for the war

arimistrice

an agreement to stop fighting and end the war temporarily or permanently

treaty of versailles

peace agreement that ended ww1 and punished germany with territory loss, military limits, and reparations

who won ww1

the allies (britain, france, the u.s.)

who was killed to start ww1?

archduke franz ferdinand

mandate system

a plan where former german and ottoman territories were controlled by allied countries until they were ready for independence

veterans day

u.s. holiday on november 11 to honor military veterans, originally armistice day for the end of ww1

rough riders

members of the first us calvery (men that fight on horses) unit in us history. was led by teddy roosevelt

teddy roosevelt

future youngest president of the u.s.

william randolph hearst

mudracker, partly responsible for starting the spanish-american war

u.s.s maine

explodes in bay of havana. gives the u.s. an excuse to go to war with spain

battle of san juan hills

 roosevelt and his rough riders charge up battle of san juan hills

treaty of paris

u.s. got guam, puerto rico, cuba, philippines.

queen liliuokalani

last queen of hawaii

annexation of hawaii

 u.s. congress made hawaii a u.s. territory

meat inspection act

 laid out rules for meat packing, and also government inspection of meat

san francisco board incident

racists schools segregated chinese, korean, and japanese students 

wheatless mondays

wwi program encouraging americans to skip wheat to save food for soldiers and allies

meatless tuesdays

wwi program encouraging americans to eat less meat to save food for soldiers and allies

sarajevo

city where archduke franz ferdinand was assassinated

czar nicholas ii

last russian czar; abdicated during ww1, leading to russian revolution

dankeschön

thank you very much

weapons of the great war

guns, tanks, poison gas, planes, and u-boats

dog tag’s

metal identification worn by soldiers with name and info

devil dog’s

nicknames of the u.s.

jack johnson

first black heavyweight boxing champion; symbol of black success during ww1 era

spanish flu

deadly influenza pandemic that spread worldwide after ww1

u.s.s. maine

u.s. battleship that exploded, helping start the spanish-american war

spanish american war

war where the us defeated spain, gaining philippines, puerto rico, and guam

the jungle

book by upton sinclair exposing unsafe meatpacking and poor working conditions

pure food and drug act

law regulating food and medicine safety in the us

san fran school board incident

anti-japanese riots broke out after schools tried to segregate japanese students

anti-saon league

organization that pushed for prohibition of alcohol in the us

w.c.t.u

women’s christian temperance union; promoted temperance and prohibition of alcohol

panama canal

waterway connecting atlantic and pacific oceans

great white fleet

us navy ships sent worldwide to show american naval power