Biological Molecules (four types)

prerequisite

What are macromolecules also known as?

Biological molecules

What are the four main types of macromolecules?

Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

What is the purpose of macromolecules in general?

Form the structure and function of living organisms

What are polymers?

Biological molecule made up of many monomers

What is dehydration synthesis?

Losing a water in order to build an amino acid

What is hydrolysis?

Gaining a water to break an amino acid

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA

Where is DNA primarily found?

In the nucleus

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

Nucleotides

What is the structure of a nucleotide?

• phosphate group (ATP NRG)

• 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose/ribose)

• nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G, U)

Name the nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA

• Adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine in DNA

• Adenine-uracil and Cytosine-Guanine in RNA

What is the structure of DNA?

• double-stranded

• anti-parallel and parallel (3^I and 5^I to 5^I and 3^I

What is the purpose of nucleic acids?

carry and store genetic information

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids

What is the basic structure of an amino acid?

• amino group

• side chain

• carboxylic acid group

• r group (provides important characteristics)

What is the main purpose of proteins?

• make up most of everything

• 20 essential of these exist

Are lipids true polymers? Why or why not?

No, they’re not made from repeating monomers, but one monomer

Name some type of lipids

Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, saturated/unsaturated fats, trans fats

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

• saturated = straight, single bond, solid @ room temp

• unsaturated = bent, double bond, liquid @ room temp

What is the purpose of lipids?

• make up all cell membranes

• great source of NRG

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

Sugars (aka a monomer) and depending on the bond will depend on the structure

What is the purpose of carbohydrates?

gives NRG and structure (eg. chitin/cellulose or starch/glucose)