College Physics - Chordates and Vertebrates

These flashcards cover key concepts about chordates and vertebrates, providing a solid review for exam preparation.

What are the four common characteristics of chordates?

Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, and post-anal tail.

What is the significance of the notochord in vertebrates?

It develops into vertebrae in vertebrates.

What do pharyngeal gill slits develop into in vertebrate fish?

Gill supports.

What is a key characteristic of the subphylum Urochordata?

Includes tunicates, which are filter feeders.

What are examples of jawed fish?

Cartilaginous fish and bony fish.

What distinguishes Osteichthyes from other fish?

They have gills covered by an operculum and a swim bladder.

What adaptations do lungs provide for amphibians?

Positive pressure and diffusion through skin for gas exchange.

What type of development do mammals undergo?

Internal development in the uterus with nourishment through the placenta.

What three sub-groups are mammals divided into?

Monotremes, marsupials, and placentals.

How do birds distinguish from other vertebrates?

They have feathers, a high metabolic rate, and hollow bones for flight.

Which vertebrates are considered ectothermic?

Fish, amphibians, and reptiles.

What is a defining feature of reptiles?

Scaly skin and lungs for gas exchange.

What is unique about the amniotic egg in amniotes?

It is protected by amniotic membranes.

What is the main characteristic of mammals?

They are endothermic and have mammary glands.

What are the main adaptations of birds for flying?

Feathers and a skeleton modified for flight.

What is the significance of the Tiktaalik fossil?

It demonstrates a transition between lobe-finned fish and early tetrapods.