Anatomy Flagrace

Orbicularis oculi

• Origin

Medial margin of the orbit

Orbicularis oculi

• Insertion

Skin of the eyelids

Orbicularis oculi

• Action

Closes the eye

Orbicularis oris 

• Origin (2)

Maxilla and mandible

Orbicularis oris 

• Insertion

Skin of the corner of the mouth

Orbicularis oris 

• Action (when it contracts)

Closes the lips 

Buccinator

• Origin (2)

Maxilla and mandible

Buccinator

• Insertion

Fibres of the orbicularis oris

Buccinator

• Action

Compresses the cheeks

Masseter

• Origin (2)

Zygomatic bone and arch

Masseter

• Insertion

Mandible 

Masseter

• Action 

Elevation of the mandible

Temporalis

• Origin

Temporal bone

Temporalis

• Insertion

Mandible 

Temporalis

• Action (2)

Retraction of the mandible and elevation of the mandible

Sternocleidomastoid

• Origin (2)

Sternal end of the clavicle and sternum

Sternocleidomastoid

• Insertion

Mastoid process

Sternocleidomastoid

• Action (both muscles)

• Action (one muscle only)

• Flexion of the neck when both muscles contract

• Rotation of head to the right when left muscle and vice versa

Trapezius

• Origin (3)

Cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae (all) and base of the skull (occipital bone)

Trapezius

• Insertion (3)

Spine of the scapula, acromion of the scapula and clavicle

Trapezius

• Action (contraction of the neck)

• Action (contraction of the scapula)

• Extends the neck

• Elevates, retracts, depresses and rotates

Rectus abdominis

• Origin

Pubic bone (superior surface)

Rectus abdominis

• Insertion (2)

Costal cartilage of the ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process

Rectus abdominis

• Action (trunk)

Flexion of the trunk

Diaphragm

• Origin (3)

Lower ribs, first lumbar vertebrae and xiphoid process

Diaphragm

• Insertion

A central tendon

Diaphragm

• Action

Flatten and moves inferiorly

External intercostal muscles

• Origin

Inferior border of the rib above

External intercostal muscles

• Insertion

Superior border of the rib below

External intercostal muscles

• Action

Lifts the ribs up and out (elevates)

Internal intercostal muscles

• Origin

Superior border of the rib below

Internal intercostal muscles

• Insertion

Inferior border of the rib above

Internal intercostal muscles

• Action

Moves ribs down and in (depresses)

• Name 

• Bones/landmarks (2)

• Actions (5)

• Temporomandibular joint 

• Mandibular condyle and temporal bone

• Elevation, depression, side to side, retraction and protraction

• Name 

• Bones/landmarks (2)

• Actions (2)

• Atlanto-occipital

• Occipital condyles and atlas bone

• Flexion and extension (yes joint)

• Name 

• Bones/landmarks (2)

• Actions

• Atlas-axis joint 

• Atlas and axis bone

• Rotation (no joint)

• Name 

• Bones/landmarks

• Actions (4)

• Intervertebral joint

• Vertebral bodies of vertebrae 

• Flexion, elevation, bend laterally and rotation

• Name 

• Bones/landmarks (2)

• Actions

• Manubriosternal joint (Sternal angle)

• Manubrium and body of sternum

• Moves anteriorly

• Name of the suture

• Bones/landmarks (2)

• Coronal

• Frontal and parietal bones

• Name

• Bones/landmarks (2)

• Squamous 

• Parietal and temporal bones

• Name

• Bones/landmarks

• Lambdoid 

• Parietal and occipital bones

• Name

• Bones/landmarks

• Sagittal 

• Between parietal bones

Latissimus dorsal

• Origin (3)

Iliac crest of the hip bone, lower thoracic vertebrae (T7-T12) and all lumbar vertebrae

Latissimus dorsi

• Insertion

Humerus 

Latissimus dorsi

• Actions (3)

Medially rotates, adducts and extends the humerus at the shoulder joint

Pectoralis major

• Origin (3)

Upper ribs (2-6), clavicle and sternum

Pectoralis major

• Insertion (2)

Greater tubercle and intertubercular sulcus

Pectoralis major

• Action (3)

Adduction, flexion and medial rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint

Serratus anterior

• Origin

Ribs (1-8/9)

Serratus anterior

• Insertion

Entire anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

Serratus anterior

• Action (2)

Protraction of the scapula and rotation of the scapula upwards

Deltoid

• Origin (3)

Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula 

Deltoid

• Insertion

Deltoid tuberosity 

Deltoid

• Action

Adduction of humerus at shoulder joint

Supraspinatus

• Action (2)

Rotation (medial and lateral) and abduction of humerus 

Infraspinatus

• Action (2)

Rotation (medial and lateral) and abduction of humerus 

Subscapularis

• Action (2)

Rotation (medial and lateral) and abduction of humerus 

Teres minor

• Action (2)

Rotation (medial and lateral) and abduction of humerus 

Triceps brachii

• Origin (2)

Scapula below glenoid cavity (long head) and posterior surface of the humerus (medial and lateral heads)

Triceps brachii

• Insertion 

Olecranon process

Triceps brachii

• Action

Extension of forearm at elbow joint 

Biceps brachii

• Origin

Scapula, above glenoid cavity (Long head) and coracoid process (short head)

Biceps brachii

• Insertion

Radial tuberosity

Biceps brachii

• Action (2)

Flexion and supinator of forearm at elbow joint 

Flexor digitorum superificialis

• Origin

Medial epicondyle of the humerus, ulna and radius 

Flexor digitorum superificialis

• Insertion

Anterior surfaces of the phalanges

Flexor digitorum superificialis

• Action

Flexion of the fingers

Extensor digitorum

• Origin

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Extensor digitorum

• Insertion

Posterior surfaces of phalanges 

Extensor digitorum

• Action

Extension of fingers

Flexor pollicis longus

• Origin

Anterior shaft of the radius

Flexor pollicis longus

• Insertion

Distal phalanx of thumb (anterior surface)

Flexor pollicis longus

• Action

Flexion of the thumb

Extensor pollicis longus

• Origin

Posterior surface of the ulna

Extensor pollicis longus

• Insertion

Distal phalanx of thumb (posterior surface)

Extensor pollicis longus

• Action

Extension of the thumb

• Name 

• Joint type

• Bones/landmarks (2)

• Actions (5+7)

• Shoulder joint 

• Ball and socket joint 

• Glenoid cavity and head of the humerus 

• Elevation, depression, rotation, retraction and protraction of the entire shoulder girdle and flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction and medial and lateral rotation at the humerus 

• Name 

• Joint type

• Bones/landmarks (3)

• Actions (2)

• Elbow joint

• Hinge joint

• Humerus, ulna and radius

• Flexion and extension

• Name 

• Joint type

• Bones/landmarks (2)

• Actions (2)

• Radioulnar joint

• Pivot joint

• Ulna and radius

• Supination and pronation

• Name 

• Joint type

• Bones/landmarks (2)

• Actions (5)

• Wrist (radiocarpal) joint 

• Condylar joint 

• Distal end of radius and carpal bones

• Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction

• Name 

• Joint type

• Bones/landmarks (2)

• Actions (5)

• Metacarpophalangeal joints

• Condylar joint 

• Metacarpals and phalanges 

• Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction

• Name 

• Joint type

• Bones/landmarks (2)

• Actions (7)

• Carpometacarpal joint 

• Saddle joint 

• Carpal bone and metacarpal of pollex

• Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, opposition and reposition

• Name 

• Joint type

• Bones/landmarks

• Actions (2)

• Interphalageal joints

• Hinge joint

• Between phalangeal bones

• Flexion and extension

Gluteus maximus

• Origin (3)

Iliac crest, sacrum and coccyx

Gluteus maximus 

• Insertion

Gluteal tuberosity 

Gluteus maximus

• Action (3)

Extension, abduction and rotation of the thigh at the hip joint

Gluteus medius

• Origin

Ilium 

Gluteus medius

• Insertion 

Greater trochanter 

Gluteus medius

• Action (2)

Abduction and rotation of the thigh at the hip joint 

Gluteus minimus

• Origin

Ilium 

Gluteus minimus

• Insertion

Greater trochanter

Gluteus minimus

• Action (2)

Abduction and rotation of the thigh at the hip joint

Bicep femoris

• Origin (2)

Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera 

Bicep femoris 

• Insertion (2)

Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tiba

Bicep femoris

• Action (2)

Extension of thigh at hip joint and flexion of the leg at knee joint

Semimembranosus

• Origin

Ischial tuberosity 

Semimembranosus

• Insertion

Medial condyle of tibia 

Semimembranosus

• Action

Extension of thigh at hip joint and flexion of the leg at knee joint

Semitendinosus

• Origin

Ischial tuberosity 

Semitendinosus

• Insertion

Proximal condyle of tibia (medial surface)