States of matter practice chemistry

what are the 3 parts of kinetic molecular theory as it pertains to gases?

-gases are made up of particles with no attractions/repulsions or volume

-gases are in constant random motion

-collisions with gas molecules are completely erratic

what is gas pressure?

The force applied by gas molecules on a surface as they collide with the walls

what is a vacuum?

the absence of gas; no pressure because there are not enough particles to collide with

what is standard pressure?

pressure at sea level

what is standard temperature

0 celsius/ 273 kelvin

what are the pressure conversion units

1 atm= 760 mmHg= 101.3 KPA

how are kinetic energy and temperature related?

kinetic energy and temperature are related because when kinetic energy goes up so does the temperature.

what is absolute 0?

0 Kelvin; lowest possible temp; all movement stops and there is no KE

how are gases and liquids similar?

-both are fluids

-both have currents

-both take the shape of their container

How are gases and liquids different?

-liquids have a definite volume

-gases expand

-liquids molecule attractions are stronger

what makes liquids more dense than gas?

Liquids have a stronger attraction so it holds them together better than gases

Does increasing pressure have an effect on gases liquids and solids? if so state them.

The volume of gases goes down but liquids and solids do not change.

why is evaporation a cooling process?

The molecules with the most amount of energy/ KE leave first which leaves the colder molecues that move less

How is evaporation in a closed container different than in an open container?

A closed containeer will have condesation build up on the walls and on the lid but an open container the liquid will just evaporate into gas.

What is vapor pressure?

The pressure that is from a gas or solid from sublimation of evaporation

Why does heating increase vapor pressure?

When the solid or gas is heated more and more the molecules escape into the air which creates the pressure in the container.

when does boiling point occur? in what two ways can boiling be initiated?

Boiling point occurs when the vapor pressure is = to the external pressure

1) heating molecules up

2) lower external pressure (suck the air out)

when does normal boiling point occur?

When vapor pressure equals standard pressure

When you add heat to an already boiling liquid what happens to its temperature?

it becomes a cycle, The cooling from the vaporization and the energy that is being added from the heating.

what is the only kind of motion that is available to particles in a solid?

vibrations

What types of compounds tend to have high melting points? Which Tend to have lower melting points?

ionic compounds have high melting points and covalent compounds have a lower melting point.

How to identify a covalent compound or an ionic compound?

a covalent compound is made up of 2 or more non metal elements, an ionic compound is made up of metals bonded to nonmetals.

what is a crystal lattice?

a repeating 3d pattern; almost like a skyscraper

What is an allotrope

different physical forms of the same element from different bonding arrangements

What is an amorphous solid? provide an example.

Is a solid with no defined crystal structure; rubber

what is a triple point?

when all 3 states of matter exist at the same time

what are the axes on a phase diagram?

Up and down is pressure, left to right is temperature

Solid to liquid is…

melting

liquid to solid is…

freezing

liquid to gas is…

vaporization

gas to liquid is…

condensation

gas to solid is…

deposition

solid to gas is…

sublimation