Chapter 22: The Evolution of Primates

Primate Cladogram (Suborders) (3)

• Prosimii (lemurs)

• Tarsiiformes (Tarsiers)

• Anthropoidea

Humans and humanoid ancestors are…..

Hominins

Our Closes Ancestor is a ______

• chimpanzee not gorilla

Hominoid Locomotion (3)

• Brachiation (gibbons and orangutans)

  • Swinging from limb to limb (monkey bars)

• Knuckle Walking (chimpanzees and gorillas)

  • Use arms to assist in quadrupedal walking

• Upright (hominini including current humans)

Humans vs Gorillas: Toe alignment

• Humans - first toe aligned and not opposable

• Gorillas - first toe not aligned and is opposable

Humans vs Gorillas: Pelvis

• Humans - short, broad

• Gorillas - long, oval

Humans vs Gorillas: Vertebral column

• Humans - 4 curves

• Gorillas - one simple curve

Humans vs Gorillas:  Foramen magnum

• Humans - base of skull

• Gorillas - rear of skull

Humans vs Gorillas: Jaws

• Humans - u-shaped

• Gorillas - rectangular

Humans vs Gorillas: Pronounced facial feature

• Humans - chin

• Gorillas - supraorbital ridge

Old World vs New World Monkeys: Tail

• Old World - no prehensile tail

•  New World - prehensile tail ( use tail to grasp/pull) use tail as another limb to grasp things such as tree branches

Old World vs New World Monkeys: Nose

• Old World - narrow, with downward nostrils

•  New World - flat, widespread nostrils

Old World vs New World Monkeys: Terrestrial vs arboreal

•  Old World - both

•  New World – arboreal (in trees)

Old World vs New World Monkeys: Quadrupedal movement

• Old World yes

• New World – no

What to know about this image

• times in history there was multiple homo groups living

• not entirely linear-> branching

 Know who are living at the same time as we are living