Biology Classification and Viruses

These flashcards cover key concepts related to biological classification, prokaryotes, and viruses, important for understanding taxonomy and viral behavior.

Taxonomy

The science of naming and classifying organisms.

Binomial Nomenclature

A two-part naming system for organisms consisting of the genus name (capitalized) and the species name (lowercase), written in italics.

Linnaeus's 8 Taxonomic Categories

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Prokaryotes

Organisms that lack a nucleus, are smaller in size, and lack membrane-bound organelles.

Aerobic Bacteria

Bacteria that require oxygen to survive.

Anaerobic Bacteria

Bacteria that do not require oxygen to survive.

Capsid

The protein shell of a virus that helps it attach to and enter host cells.

Lytic Cycle

A viral reproductive cycle that kills the host cell quickly; includes steps: Attachment, Entry, Replication, Assembly, and Lysis.

Lysogenic Cycle

A viral reproductive cycle in which viral DNA integrates into the host DNA and the host cell is not immediately destroyed.

Photoautotrophs

Bacteria that make their own energy from light.

Chemoautotrophs

Bacteria that make their own energy from inorganic chemicals.

Methods of Bacterial Movement

Using flagella (tail-like structure) or pili (hair-like projections).

Kingdoms within Eukarya

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.

Viruses

Infectious agents that require a host cell to reproduce and have a protein capsule.

Ways to Protect Against Viruses

Vaccines, good hygiene, antiviral drugs, avoiding contact with infected individuals.

Bacterial Benefits

Decomposing waste, nitrogen fixation, food production, digestion support.

Viruses Transmission

Viruses can be transferred through air (coughing/sneezing), bodily fluids, contaminated surfaces, and insect bites.