AP World Chapter 23 East Asia 1450 - 1750

Asian sea trading network

divided, from West to East, into three zones prior to the European arrival; an Arab zone based upon glass, carpets, and tapestries; an Indian with cotton textiles; a Chinese with paper, porcelain, and silks.

Goa

Indian city developed by the Portuguese as a major Indian Ocean base; developed an important Indo-European population.

Ormuz

Portuguese establishment at the southern end of the Persian Gulf; a major trading base.

Malacca

city on the tip of the Malayan peninsula; a center for trade to the southeastern Asian islands; became a major Portuguese trading base.

Batavia

Dutch establishment on Java; created in 1620.

Luzon

northern island of the Philippines; conquered by Spain during the 1560s; site of a major Catholic missionary effort.

Mindanao

southern island of the Philippines; a Muslim area able to successfully resist Spanish conquest.

Francis Xavier

Franciscan missionary who worked in India during the 1540s among outcast and lower-caste groups; later worked in Japan

Robert di Nobili

Italian Jesuit active in India during the early 1600s; failed in a policy of converting indigenous elites first.

Hongwu

first Ming emperor (1368–1403); drove out the Mongols and restored the position of the scholar-gentry.

Macao and Canton

the only two ports in Ming China where Europeans were allowed to trade.

Zheng He

Chinese admiral who led seven overseas trade expeditions under Ming emperor Yunglo between 1405 and 1423; demonstrated that the Chinese were capable of major ocean exploration.

Matteo Ricci and Adam Schall

Jesuit scholars at the Ming court; also skilled scientists; won few converts to Christianity.

Nobunaga

the first Japanese daimyo to make extensive use of firearms; in 1573 deposed the last Ashikaga shogun; unified much of central Honshu; died in 1582.

Tokugawa Ieyasu

vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; succeeded him as the most powerful military figure in Japan; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate; established political unity in Japan.

Edo

Tokugawa capital, modern-day Tokyo; center of Tokugawa shogunate.

Deshima

island port in Nagasaki Bay; the only port open to foreigners, the Dutch, after the 1640s.

School of National Learning

18th-century ideology that emphasized Japan’s unique historical experience and the revival of indigenous culture at the expense of Confucianism and other Chinese influences.