MSYS 116 Quiz 3 Info Systems (Correct Coverage)

System

A regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a unified whole

Parts of a System

• Input → Process → Output

  • Processing  taking in the input and manipulating it to achieve the desired objective which is the output

Parts of a System with Storage

• Input → Process → Output → Store

• Store the data so we don’t need to keep processing over and over again

Parts of an Information System

• Input

• Process

• Output

• Store

• Feedback

Information System

• A set of interrelated components

  • Collect (input)

  • Manipulate (process)

  • Store

  • Disseminate (output) data and information

  • Provide a corrective reaction (feedback) to meet an objective

Input

Activity of gathering and capturing raw data

Processing

Converting data into useful outputs

Output

Producing useful information

Feedback

Information from the system used to make changes to input or processing activities to ensure it meets its objectives

A clinic still uses a paper-based medical record system. A nurse interviews the patient and writes the answers into the correct fields on a paper form. The completed record is placed in filing cabinets for future reference. When new information is needed, the patient is interviewed again to update the record.

Identify the following components of the Information System:

1. Input: __________________________

2. Processing: ______________________

3. Output: _________________________

4. Storage: ________________________

5. Feedback: _______________________

• Input: Nurse interviewing the patient to gather data

• Processing: Writing and organizing the answers into the paper record

• Output: Completed health record

• Storage: Filing cabinets and drawers

• Feedback: Re-interviewing/updating the patient record when new data is needed

Computer-Based Information System

• Input (data)

• Process

  • hardware

  • software

  • database and networks

  • people

• Output (information)

• Storage

• Feedback

IT

Study of the technological resources that we will use like the hardware, software, database, etc.

How are IT and IS related?

IT is an enabler for the IS to make it more efficient and convert data to information in an efficient manner 

Can you have an IS without IT?

 Yes like paper-based record keeping which is an IS

Purpose of IT

• Automate manual processes (e.g. computers to arrange data)

• Solve problems (e.g. computers do computations for us)

• Improve decision-making (by producing info efficiently)

• Streamline processes

• Gain competitive advantage

Which of the following is not a purpose of IT?

Provide a corrective reaction (feedback) to meet an objective

Types of Information Systems

• personal

• group

• enterprise

Personal Information System

• Intended output is beneficial for single user only

• EX. Waze, My Fitness Pal

Group Information System

• Multiple people put input and the output is also beneficial for whole group

• EX. Google Docs, Google Drive

Enterprise Information System

• For big corporations and companies

• Support all operations of big firms, organization, etc.

Which of the following is an example of a Group Information System?

A shared online document where multiple team members edit a report in real time

Information System for Specific Domains

• Sales and Marketing

• Inventory 

• Hospital

• Public Health

Identification: IS or IT ?
Focuses on how health data is collected and organized to create patient history.

IS

Identification: IS or IT ?
Focuses on what technologies (hardware/software) are used to make processes faster and more efficient.

IT

Identification: IS or IT ?
Providing clinicians access to complete patient histories for decision-making is an example of:

IS

Identification: IS or IT ?
Using databases to store encoded patient records for quick retrieval is an example of:

IT

True or False: An Information System is concerned with workflows and use of data, while IT supports it using technology.

True

True or False: IT defines the healthcare objective, while IS only installs computers.

False

True or False: Restricting access so only authorized doctors can view records is an IS goal implemented using IT tools.

True

Which of the following is an IS problem?

Designing how patient information is collected and used for care

Which of the following is an IT solution supporting healthcare?

Implementing login systems and access controls in EMR software

Nationwide disease reporting is considered an IS because it:

Defines how health data is collected, processed, and used for public health decisions

IS vs IT

IS = Purpose and Workflow → What data? Why? How used?

IT = Tools and Technology → What system, hardware, or software makes it work efficiently?

Information System (IS)

• Provide clinicians access to complete patient histories for care decisions

• Claims document submission by RHUs and verification by PhilHealth

• Nationwide surveillance and reporting of daily COVID-19 cases

• Allow patient records to be accessed only by their doctors

• Maintain institutional control and custody of patient records.

Information Technology (IT)

• Use computers to encode patient histories and store them in databases for easy retrieval

• Encode documents in the RHU using computers and transmit them to PhilHealth electronically using Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)

• Use computers to generate electronic Case Investigation Forms (CIF) and aggregate the nationwide submissions using a data warehouse

• Implement login features, roles, and access controls in the EMR software

• Use on-premise physicals servers to store the electronic medical records

Identification: IS or IT?
Designing a workflow for submitting claims from RHUs to PhilHealth is an example of:

IS

Identification: IS or IT?
Using APIs to electronically transmit those claims is an example of:

IT

Identification: IS or IT?
Ensuring patient records remain under institutional control and custody refers to:

IS

Identification: IS or IT?
Installing on-premise servers to store EMRs refers to:

IT

True or False: Information Systems can exist even without computers.

True

True or False: Information Technology replaces the Information System.

False

True or False: A database is part of IT used to implement the goals defined by an IS.

True

Which of the following best describes an Information System?

A process for collecting, managing, and using health data

Which is an example of IT improving an existing IS?

Encoding vaccination data into a computerized registry

What is the main role of IT in health informatics?

Provide technological tools to automate and streamline processes

A hospital decides that doctors must see a patient’s full history before prescribing medication.

This decision is part of: IS or IT?

IS

The hospital installs EMR software so doctors can instantly retrieve those histories.
This action is part of: IS or IT?

IT

Public health officials require daily disease reports to monitor outbreaks.
This requirement is: IS or IT?

IS

They implement a data warehouse to aggregate nationwide reports automatically.
This implementation is: IS or IT?

IT

Health Information Systems

• Combination of IS (how we get health data and convert to info) and technological resources to be more efficient

• Allow health stakeholders to process patient health information efficiently

Health Information Systems Examples

• Philippine Health Information Exchange (PHIE)

• Hospital Management Information Systems

• Clinic Information Systems

• Pharmacy Information Systems

• Laboratory Information Systems

Why discuss IT?

• People involved in implementing computer systems has to understand current and future business needs so they can make informed acquisition decisions

• Decisions include organizing components, understanding the trade-offs, knowing the cost and complexity, etc.

Hardware Components

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

2. Memory and storage

3. Input Devices

4. Output Devices

5. Secondary Storage

6. Communication Devices

Central Processing Unit

• Processing device

• Carries out basic arithmetic, logical, control, and input/output operations

• The “brain” of the computer

Physical characteristics of the CPU

• Most CPUs are collections of digital circuits imprinted on silicon wafers, or chips

• Each no bigger than the tip of a pencil eraser

Memory and storage

Provides the CPU with a working storage area for programs and data

Memory / storage hierarchy

Registers - fast, expensive

Cache - fast, expensive

Main Memory - fast, affordable

Flash Memory - slower, cheap

Hard Drives - slow, very cheap

Tape - very slow, affordable

Non-volatile memory

Retains its information, even when power is removed

Random access memory

After turning off the computer, it will forget the data

Storage capacity

Storing data in bits or bytes (8 bits = 1 byte)

Bytes

Brain Keeps Melting Gradually Till Prof Ends

Name	Abbr.	Number of bytes
Byte	B	1
Kilobyte	KB	210 (Approx. 1024 Bytes)
Megabyte	MB	220 (Approx. 1024 KB)
Gigabyte	GB	230 (Approx. 1024 MB)
Terabyte	TB	240 (Approx. 1024 GB)
Petabyte	PB	250 (Approx. 1024 TB)
Exabyte	EB	260 (Approx. 1024 PB)

Input Devices

Devices used to input general types of data

Examples of Input Devices

• Keyboard, Mouse

• Mic, Speech recognition technology

• Cameras and Scanners

• Optical Data Readers (Barcode reader, QR Code scanner, etc.) 

• Magnetic stripe card and contactless cards

• Pen input devices

• Radio Frequency Identification

Which of the following is an input device?

Keyboard

Which of the following is NOT an input device?

Printer

Output Devices

Used to display the output from the computer

Output Device Examples

• Monitors

• Printers

• Plotters

• Audio Players

Computer System Types

1. Portable Computers

2. Nonportable Computers Single-Use Computers

3. Multiple-User Computers

Portable Computers

• Handheld computers

• Laptops

  • Personal computers designed for use by mobile users

  • Notebooks, Netbooks

• Mobile phones

• Tablet Computers

• “BYOD” – Bring Your Own Devices

Nonportable Computers Single-Use Computers

• Desktop Computers

• Nettop Computers

• Workstations

Thin client, desktop, workstations

• Low-cost, centrally managed computer with no extra drives

• In a thin client, instead of buying separate computers for ever person, just buy sets of keyboards, mouses, etc but they’re all connected to 1 computer

  • Memory is shared, CPU is shared, etc.

Nettop Computers

• Inexpensive desktop computer

• Smaller, lighter

• Consumes less power than traditional desktop computer

Workstations

More powerful than personal computers but still small enough to fit on a desktop

Multiple-User Computers

• Servers

• Mainframe

• Supercomputer

Servers

• Used by many users to perform a specific task, such as running network or Internet applications

• Need to invest in main memory and storage since this will determine how many users the server can handle at the same time

Which statement best describes the role of a server in a multiple-user computer system?

It handles all computing requirements since transactions happen on the server.

Mainframe

• Large, powerful computer shared by hundreds of concurrent users connected to the machine over a network

• Traditional way of deploying computers

Supercomputer

The most powerful computers with the fastest processing speed and highest performance

If you have specialized requirements, computing, and needs, what kind of Multiple-User Computer should you use?

Supercomputer

True or False: For AI and machine learning, I need to use a supercomputer

False

Supercomputer vs Mainframe

• Supercomputer: Performs very fast, complex calculations in memory; used for simulations or tasks like beating chess grandmasters.

• Mainframe: Processes large volumes of data from external sources, e.g., credit card transactions or payroll processing; optimized for reliability and concurrent users.

Which belongs to Embedded Systems?

DVD players

What kind of computer is a Nettop Computer?

Nonportable Computers Single-Use Computers

What kind of computer is a Mobile phones?

Portable Computers

True or False: Laptops and tablets belong to the portable computing category

True

True or False: A thin client is considered a portable computer

False

A workstation used in an office and not meant to be moved is what?

Nonportable Computer

In the memory / storage hierarchy, what is higher than main memory?

Registers

True or False: Flash Memory is cheaper than tape

False

Which of the following is not an input device?

Plotters

How many bytes is a Kilobyte?

2¹⁰ (Approx. 1024 Bytes)

How many bytes is a petabyte?

2⁵⁰ (Approx. 1024 TB)

How many bytes is an exabyte?

2⁶⁰ (Approx. 1024 PB)

How many bytes is an terabyte?

2⁴⁰ (Approx. 1024 GB)

How many bites in a byte?

8 bits in 1 byte