Calcium Disorders: Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia

This set of flashcards covers the key concepts related to hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia, including definitions, causes, symptoms, and nursing interventions.

Normal Calcium level

9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL (2-2.5 mmol/L)

Role of Calcium

Helps maintain strong bones, teeth, muscle movement, nerve and cell function, and prevents blood clots.

Hypercalcemia

Excessive calcium in the blood.

Causes of Hypercalcemia

Excessive intake of calcium supplements, hyperparathyroidism, use of thiazide diuretics, renal failure.

Signs & Symptoms of Hypercalcemia

Shortened QT interval, decreased deep tendon reflex, decreased peristalsis, increased blood clotting, kidney stones formation, lethargy, severe muscle weakness.

Nursing Interventions for Hypercalcemia

Cardiac monitoring, dialysis, educate patient on avoiding calcium-rich foods, encourage fluid intake, stop thiazide and calcium supplements.

Medication Therapy for Hypercalcemia

Bisphosphonates, calcitonin, prostaglandin inhibitors (Aspirin, NSAIDs).

Hypocalcemia

Decreased calcium level in the blood.

Causes of Hypocalcemia

End-stage kidney disease, hypoparathyroidism, removal or destruction of parathyroid glands, low calcium or vitamin D intake.

Signs & Symptoms of Hypocalcemia

Prolonged QT interval, abdominal cramping, altered mental status, decreased bone density, muscle spasms, numbness & tingling, tetany, seizures.

Positive Trousseau's Sign

Inflating BP cuff above systolic for 1-4 minutes causes spasm in palmar flexion under hypoxia.

Chvostek's Sign

Facial twitching triggered by tapping the face in front of the ear (over facial nerve).

Nursing Interventions for Hypocalcemia

Administer PO &/or IV Calcium, encourage calcium-rich foods, give vitamin D after meals, implement safety precautions.