Politics and law flashcards week 1 n 2

Atar Australia y11

What are political rights?

Rights that are guaranteed by the government to the citizens

What is Political freedom?

The ability of individuals to participate in political activities without suppression. Examples of this is Freedom of speech freedom of media and the press

What is the rule of law?

The principle that all individuals are subjected to the law, ensuring fairness and justice in legal proceedings.

Examples: Government and officials are held accountable.

The law must be clear and understandable.

Citizens are all equal before the law

What is Natural justice?

Right to a fair trial, innocent until proven guilty.

What makes a liberal democracy? (name at least three)

A political system characterized by

Free and fair elections

Fair justice system

Political freedom

Majority rules

What is a liberal democracy made of?

Institutions

Process

Organisation/structure

What is a Unitary system?

A system of government in which sovereignty is geographically undivided.

What is a Federal system?

A system of government where the sovereignty is divided between central and regional authorities.

What is Bicameralism?

A legislature is made up of two house or chambers In Australian we have HOR, Senate

What are the three branches in government?

The legislature

The Juicery

The executive

What is the seperations of power and why was it created?

The separation of powers is how the power is dispersed to three different branches to stop corruption and to blancence the government.

What is judicial Independence?

Judges are picked by the executive and can to removed if necessary.

What is the concept of a responsible government?

That they are drawn from AND is accountable to the Parliament.

What is the role of a Parliamentarians?

To question the government in order to keep the executive accountable.

What is cabinet Solidarity?

Government stands together an argument that happens in the cabinet stays there.

What is cabinet Secrecy?

To keep the separation of powers the executive need to have conversations with their ministry discussions in private.

What is federalism?

A system where the powers and responsibilities of government are divided between a national government with two or more state/regional government.

What are the types of Federation?

Dual/coordinate

Cooperative

Coercive

What is a dual/coordinate fearation?

Where central/regional government acts independently in its area. Thus type of federation maintains health, education, criminal and civil laws.

What is a cooperative federation?

Willingly set arrangements between the commonwealth and state governments to the legislative.

What is a coercive Federation?

An imbalance of power in the federal system so central government outdoes regional goverment.

What are the divisions of powers?

The arrangement of the responsibilities in each level of government.

What is Exclusive powers?

Powers that are in the Australian constitution about which the commonwealth government can make rules on. Section 52, 90,114, and 115 laid this out.

What are Residual powers?

Area of laws that are not specifically to the commonwealth they come under the jurisdiction of the states. Section 106, 107, 108 give the power of state legislate state laws.

What are concurrent powers?

A power that can be exercised by both commonwealth and states.