Kings in France and the Holy Roman Empire

This set of flashcards covers key concepts, events, and figures from the history of kings in France and the Holy Roman Empire.

Hugh Capet

Voted ruler of the Franks in 987 and started the Capetian Dynasty.

Capetian Dynasty

Dynasty founded by Hugh Capet, ruling France until 1328.

Philip II (Philip Augustus)

Established a standing army and a national tax in France.

Battle of Bouvines

Battle in July 1214 where Philip II's army defeated English King John I.

Crusades

Religious wars during which European Christians attempted to recapture the Holy Land.

Louis IX

Also known as Saint Louis, he led the 7th and 8th Crusades.

Papal Court

The administrative apparatus of the Holy See, moved to Avignon by Pope Clement V.

Estates General

A national assembly in France made up of representatives from each class.

Lay investiture

The practice of rulers appointing bishops instead of the Church, prohibited by Pope Gregory VII.

Concordat of Worms

The agreement that settled the issue of lay investiture in 1122.

Frederick I (Barbarossa)

Holy Roman Emperor known for his failed attempts to expand his rule into Italy.

Albigensians

A Christian sect whose beliefs contradicted those of the Catholic Church.

Pope Innocent III

Placed an interdict on France during Philip II's reign after his marriage annulment.

Philip IV

King who angered Pope Boniface VIII by taxing the clergy.

Avignon Papacy

Period when the papal court resided in Avignon, which caused significant issues.

Richard the Lionheart

King of England who allied with Philip II during the 3rd Crusade.

Henry IV

Holy Roman Emperor involved in a significant conflict with Pope Gregory VII.

Henry V

Son of Henry IV who co-ruled with his father.

Frederick II

Grandson of Frederick I, lost control of Germany while pursuing Northern Italy.

Serfdom

The condition in which a peasant is bound to the land and under the control of a lord.

Interdict

A Church decree prohibiting certain sacraments and religious practices in a region.

Royal courts

Judicial bodies established to handle legal matters, expanded under Louis IX.

Crusade against Albigensians

A campaign initiated against the Albigensian heretics in Southern France.

Pope Boniface VIII

Pope who was in conflict with King Philip IV regarding clerical taxation.

Pope Gregory VII

Pope who excommunicated Henry IV and challenged lay investiture.

Holy Roman Empire

A multi-ethnic complex of territories in Central Europe, including Germany and Italy.

Papal authority

The power and leadership of the Pope over the Church and clergy.

Economic prosperity

The state of flourishing in an economy, experienced in France during Louis IX's reign.

Heretics

Individuals who hold beliefs contrary to the established doctrine of the Church.

Royal lineage

Descent from a line of kings or queens, as seen in the succession of French monarchs.

Medieval conflicts

Power struggles between medieval kings and the Church, often leading to wars.

National tax

A tax imposed by a central authority for the benefit of running a country.

Standing army

A permanent, professional army composed of paid soldiers.