bonding, structure + properties of matter

How many types of bonding are there?

3

What are the types of bonding?

Ionic, covalent, metallic

Why do atoms of elements form chemical bonds?

they will be more stable when bonded (as they will have a full outer energy level of electrons)

What is an ionic bond?

strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

What materials does ionic bonds occur with

between metals and non metals

What does a metal atom do in an ionic bond?

loses one or more electrons

What does a non metal atom do in an ionic bond?

gain one or more electrons

How do positive and negative ions attract?

they attract in all directions

What do positive and negative ions form?

a giant ionic lattice structure

What are the melting and boiling points of ionic compounds?

High

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

It takes a lot of energy to overcome the strong electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions.

What is the electrical conductivity of an ionic compound?

it only if molten/aqueous (dissolved in water)

Why is the electrical conductivity only in those states?

as the ions can move + carry charge through the structure (in a solid they can't)

What is the solubility in water?

it dissolves in water often

What is covalent bonding?

occurs between two non metals

Types of structure of covalently bonded substances

simple molecular

what are simple molecular substances?

strong, covalent bonds between each molecule
Weak intermolecular forces of attraction

What are examples of simple molecular substances?

hydrogen H2, Chlorine Cl2, Oxygen O2, Nitrogen N2, Methane CH4, Water H2O, Hydrogen Chloride HCl

What are the melting and boiling points of simple molecular substances?

low

Why do simple molecular substances have low melting and boiling points?

it doesn't take much energy to overcome the weak intermolecular forces of attraction

What is the electrical conductivity of a simple molecular substance?

none

Why do simple molecular substances have no electrical conductivity?

Doesn't conduct electricity because there are no mobile charge carriers

What are polymers?

A large molecule made up of many monomers joined together