Acid/Base Equilibrium

1) Which is NOT a characteristic of acids?

A) taste bitter

B) turn litmus red

C) react with bases to form salts

D) react with active metals to form H2 gas

A) taste bitter

2) Which is NOT a characteristic of bases?

A) taste bitter

B) turn litmus red

C) react with acids to form salts

D) produce hydroxide ions when added to water

B) turn litmus red

3) Lemon juice has a sour taste and turns litmus to red. Lemon juice is

A) basic.

B) acidic.

C) neutral.

D) caustic.

B) acidic.

4) Many medicines have a bitter taste which manufacturers attempt to disguise. Many medicines are probably

A) acids.

B) bases.

C) salts.

D) neutral.

B) bases.

5) Foods that are acidic can be identified by their ________ taste.

A) bitter

B) sweet

C) salty

D) sour

D) sour

6) Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of acids?

A) taste sour

B) turn litmus red

C) react with bases to form salts

D) All are characteristics of acids.

D) All are characteristics of acids.

7) Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of bases?

A) taste bitter

B) reacts with acids to form salts

C) produce hydroxide ions when added to water

D) All are characteristics of bases.

D) All are characteristics of bases.

8) A compound that changes color when it is placed into an acidic or a basic solution is

A) amphiprotic.

B) an acid-base indicator.

C) a buffer.

D) protonated.

B) an acid-base indicator.

9) Which of the following is NOT true of the Arrhenius theory?

A) Acids are defined as compounds that produce H+ ions in water solution.

B) Bases are defined as compounds that produce OH- ions in water solution.

C) Arrhenius theory only applies to reactions in aqueous solution.

D) Acids are defined as compounds that produce OH- ions in water solution.

D) Acids are defined as compounds that produce OH- ions in water solution.

10) According to Arrhenius, an acid and a base will react to give

A) an acidic solution.

B) a basic solution.

C) a salt plus water.

D) a solid.

C) a salt plus water.

11) H3O+ is the

A) hydrate ion.

B) hydrogen ion.

C) hydroxide ion.

D) hydronium ion.

D) hydronium ion.

12) A hydrogen ion, H+, is the same as a(n)

A) hydronium ion.

B) proton.

C) electron.

D) hydrate.

B) proton.

13) Which of the following is a correct definition of an acid that is not dependent upon the solvent?

A) Acids produce hydronium ions.

B) Acids are proton donors.

C) Acids produce hydroxide ions.

D) Acids are proton acceptors.

B) Acids are proton donors.

14) When HCl is added to pure water, HCl molecules lose protons, while water molecules gain protons. In this reaction, HCl is a(n)

A) acid.

B) base.

C) salt.

D) solvent.

A) acid.

15) Sulfuric acid is the leading chemical produced and used industrially. What is the formula for sulfuric acid?

A) SO4

B) HSO4

C) H2(SO)4

D) H2SO4

D) H2SO4

16) Phosphoric acid is added to many popular beverages to give them a tart flavor. The formula of phosphoric acid is

A) H3PO4.

B) H4PO3.

C) H2PO4.

D) HPO4.

A) H3PO4.

17) All of the following are bases EXCEPT

A) KOH.

B) HNO3.

C) NH3.

D) Mg(OH)2.

B) HNO3.

18) A useful broad view of reactions between acids and bases involves the

A) transfer of protons.

B) transfer of electrons.

C) conversion of protons into electrons.

D) ionization of atoms.

A) transfer of protons.

19) Which of the following is a hydroxide ion?

A) OH-

B) H+

C) H3O+

D) H2O-

A) OH-

20) Which of the following is a correct definition of a base that is not dependent upon the solvent?

A) Bases produce hydronium ions.

B) Bases are proton donors.

C) Bases produce hydroxide ions.

D) Bases are proton acceptors.

D) Bases are proton acceptors.

21) What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

A) CaOH

B) Ca2OH

C) Ca(OH)2

D) CaOH2

C) Ca(OH)2

22) A salt that can conduct electricity when it is dissolved in water is a(n)

A) buffer.

B) catalyst.

C) elecrolyte.

D) indicator.

C) elecrolyte.

23) When added to water, which of the following would produce a base?

A) Na2O

B) CO2

C) Cl2

D) SO3

A) Na2O

24) What base is formed by the addition of potassium oxide to water?

A) KOH

B) K2OH

C) KH

D) KH2

A) KOH

25) Lime is used in farming to reduce the acidity of the soil. The chemical name for lime is calcium oxide. When water in the soil reacts with lime, what base is formed?

A) CaO

B) CaOH

C) Ca2OH

D) Ca(OH)2

D) Ca(OH)2

26) Which of the following is an example of a nonmetal oxide?

A) CO2

B) NaOH

C) K2O

D) H2SO4

A) CO2

27) When added to water, which of the following would produce an acid?

A) Na

B) MgO

C) NH3

D) SO3

D) SO3

28) When nonmetal oxide reacts with water, the resulting solution is ________.

A) salty

B) acidic

C) neutral

D) basic

B) acidic

29) When metal oxides react with water, the resulting solution is generally ________.

A) salty

B) acidic

C) neutral

D) basic

D) basic

30) The same number of moles of acetic acid and hydrogen chloride are placed in beakers containing water. After this addition, the beaker with the HCl has more hydronium ions than the beaker with added acetic acid. HCl is classified as

A) a weaker acid than acetic acid.

B) a stronger acid than acetic acid.

C) equal in acid strength to acetic acid.

D) a base.

B) a stronger acid than acetic acid.

31) HCN is classified as a weak acid in water. This means that it produces

A) no hydronium ions.

B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

32) Nitric acid, HNO3, is classified as a strong acid in water. This means that it produces

A) no hydronium ions.

B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

33) Ammonia is classified as a weak base in water. This means that it produces

A) no hydroxide ions.

B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.

C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.

D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.

B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.

34) Sodium hydroxide is classified as a strong base in water. This means that it produces

A) no hydroxide ions.

B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.

C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.

D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.

D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.

35) When an aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid is just neutralized with an aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide, the solution would taste

A) sour.

B) bitter.

C) salty.

D) sweet.

C) salty.

36) All of the following are strong acids EXCEPT

A) hydrochloric acid.

B) sulfuric acid.

C) nitric acid.

D) acetic acid.

D) acetic acid.

37) Citric acid is made by oranges. When citric acid dissolves in water, it produces a relatively small number of hydronium ions. Citric acid is best described as a

A) dilute acid.

B) concentrated acid.

C) weak acid.

D) strong acid.

C) weak acid.

38) An acid is strong if it

A) is very concentrated.

B) makes acid-base indicators change color.

C) ionizes completely in water.

D) causes metals to corrode.

C) ionizes completely in water.

39) Nitrous acid, HNO2, is classified as a weak acid in water. This means that it produces

A) no hydronium ions.

B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

40) A weak base

A) is present in low concentration in solution.

B) is present in high concentration in solution.

C) ionizes only slightly in solution.

D) ionizes completely in solution.

C) ionizes only slightly in solution.

41) In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of calcium hydoxide with nitric acid, HNO3, the coefficient of calcium nitrate is

A) 3.

B) 1.

C) 2.

D) 44.

B) 1.

42) In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of sodium hydoxide with sulfuric acid, H2SO4, the coefficient of water is

A) 2.

B) 1.

C) 3.

D) 4.

A) 2.

43) In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of calcium hydoxide with sulfuric acid, H2SO4, the coefficient of water is

A) 4.

B) 5

C) 1.

D) 2.

D) 2.

44) Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the neutralization of barium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid?

A) Ba(OH)2 + 2 HCl → BaCl2 + 2 H2O

B) BaOH2 + 2 HCl → BaCl2 + H2O

C) Ba(OH)2 + HCl → BaCl2 + H2O

D) BaOH + HCl → BaCl + H2O

A) Ba(OH)2 + 2 HCl → BaCl2 + 2 H2O

45) Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the neutralization of barium hydroxide with sulfuric acid?

A) Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2 H2O

B) BaOH + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2 H2O

C) BaOH2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + H2O

D) Ba(OH)2 + 2 H2SO4 → Ba(SO4)2 + 2 H2O

A) Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2 H2O

46) Phenolphthalein has often been used to monitor the progress of an acid-base neutralization reaction. What color will phenolphthalein be when there is an excess of acid present?

A) colorless

B) green

C) pink

D) yellow

A) colorless

47) Phenolphthalein has often been used to monitor the progress of acid-base neutralization reactions. What color will phenolphthalein be if there is an excess of base present?

A) colorless

B) green

C) pink

D) yellow

C) pink

48) A sample of rainwater has a pH of 3.5. What ion is sure to be present in relatively large concentration in this rain sample?

A) H3O+

B) SO42-

C) OH-

D) HSO4-

A) H3O+

49) A solution with a pH of 10 has a hydronium ion concentration of

A) 10-10 mol/L.

B) 1010 mol/L.

C) 10 mol/L.

D) -10 mol/L.

A) 10-10 mol/L.

50) A solution of toilet bowl cleaner has a pH of 9. The solution is

A) weakly basic.

B) strongly basic.

C) weakly acidic.

D) strongly acidic.

A) weakly basic.

51) A solution of toilet bowl cleaner has a pH of 13. The solution is

A) strongly acidic.

B) weakly acidic.

C) strongly basic.

D) weakly basic.

C) strongly basic.

52) An unknown substance is added to a solution and the pH decreases. The substance is best described as a(n)

A) acid.

B) base.

C) salt.

D) solvent.

A) acid.

53) An unknown substance is added to a solution and the pH increases. The substance is best described as a(n)

A) acid.

B) base.

C) salt.

D) solvent.

B) base.

54) Which substance has the lowest pH?

A) blood

B) lemon juice

C) unpolluted rainwater

D) NaOH (4% solution)

B) lemon juice

55) Which of the following form a conjugate acid-base pair?

A) H2SO4 and SO42-

B) H3O+ and OH-

C) H2SO4 and HSO4-

D) CH4 and CH3OH

C) H2SO4 and HSO4-

56) What is the conjugate acid of HSO3-?

A) H2SO4

B) H2SO3

C) HSO4-

D) SO32-

B) H2SO3

57) What is the conjugate base of HSO3-?

A) H2SO4

B) H2SO3

C) HSO4-

D) SO32-

D) SO32-

58) A conjugate acid-base pair differ by one

A) H atom.

B) O atom.

C) pH unit.

D) proton.

D) proton.

59) A mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base forms a(n)

A) acid-base indicator.

B) buffer.

C) antacid.

D) acid rain.

B) buffer.

60) A buffer

A) resists changes in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added.

B) is made up of a weak acid and its conjugate base.

C) is made up of a weak base and its conjugate acid.

D) All of the above are true.

D) All of the above are true.

61) The pH of rain collected on a remote island in the Pacific is assumed to be unaffected by human pollution. The pH of the rainwater will be

A) less than 7.

B) equal to 7.

C) greater than 7.

D) 0.

A) less than 7.

62) Which of the following does NOT contribute to acid rain?

A) coal-burning power plants

B) lightning

C) volcanic eruptions

D) All of the above contribute to acid rain.

D) All of the above contribute to acid rain.

63) Acid rain is caused by acidic pollutants in the air. Which of the following pollutants does NOT contribute to acid rain?

A) ammonia, NH3

B) sulfur dioxide, SO2

C) nitrogen dioxide, NO2

D) nitric oxide, NO

A) ammonia, NH3

64) By definition, acid rain has a pH

A) below 4.

B) below 5.6.

C) below 7.

D) above 8.5

B) below 5.6.

65) Rain with which of the following pH of values would be considered to be acid rain?

A) 9.5

B) 9.0

C) 7

D) 1.5

D) 1.5

66) Sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as

A) baking soda.

B) baking powder.

C) washing soda.

D) cherry soda.

A) baking soda.

67) All antacids are

A) acids.

B) bases.

C) neutral.

D) salts.

B) bases.

68) Aluminum hydroxide is a popular antacid. The formula of aluminum hydroxide is

A) AlOH.

B) Al(OH)2.

C) Al(OH)3.

D) Al3OH.

C) Al(OH)3.

69) When the pH of the blood is too high, the condition is called ________.

A) acidosis

B) alkalosis

C) hyperacidity

D) anemia

B) alkalosis

70) Hard water deposits (calcium carbonate) have built up around your bathroom sink. Which one of the following would be best to dissolve the deposit?

A) ammonia

B) bleach

C) lye

D) vinegar

D) vinegar