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When was the Vietnam War Era?
1965-1975
How did this era affect the community in the US?
It was torn apart; people had different views during the war
What were the 2 perspective of the Vietnam War?
It was folly, dumb
It was heroic
For what reasons did people believe the Vietnam war was folly?
It was impossible to win; Vietnam was fighting for their home
There was nothing for the USA to gain
The US Government lied and withheld information from the American people
For what reasons did people believe the Vietnam war was heroic?
The US was fighting for the freedom of the Vietnamese
They were stopping the spread of communist dictatorships
The US could have won if they dedicated more resources and had the support of the American people
What is a War of Attrition?
A prolonged war to see who gives up 1st; nothing to gain from the war
What was the 1st country that attempted to conquer Vietnam? When?
China, 1st Century
Did China successfully conquer Vietnam in the 1st century?
No
What was the 2nd country to attempt to conquer Vietnam? When?
France, in the 1860s-1880s
Why did France conquer Indochina (Vietnam)?
They wanted rubber from their trees to make tires. (Money maker)
What was French-conquered Vietnam and other countries called?
French Indochina
How did France scare Vietnam to stop resisting their conquer?
They cut off the heads of resisting Viets
What was the capital of Vietnam during French Indochina?
Hanoi (Northern Vietnam)
What decision did the Viets have to make when France conquered them?
Whether to embrace or resist French influence
What were French Schools in Vietnam?
Schools in Vietnam where the Vietnamese could adapt French culture and assimilate.
Why did some Viets decide to adapt French culture?
It gave them more opportunities under the rule of the French
What was the traditional religion of Vietnam?
Buddhism
What was the dominant religion of France?
Catholicism
What religion switch did Viets have to do in order to adapt French culture?
Buddhism → Catholicism
What year was the Paris Peace Conference?
1919
What was the significance of the Paris Peace Conference to Vietnam?
If France had let go of Vietnam in 1919, the Vietnam war would not have happened
What happened during the Paris Peace Conference in relation to Vietnam?
After WW1, Wilson’s 14 points recommended France and Britain to let go of their colonies, but they said no
What did Ho Chi Minh do in 1919?
He went to Paris to meet Wilson during the Paris Peace Conference to convince him to get France to release Vietnam
Did Ho Chi Minh meet Wilson in 1919?
No
What did Ho Chi Minh do after he failed to meet Wilson in 1919?
He traveled the world (NYC and Boston)
What did Ho Chi Minh do in 1923?
He asked Soviets for support to drive out the French
How did the USSR respond to Ho Chi Minh’s ask of support in 1923? Why?
They said np, because he wasn’t communist
What happened to Vietnam in 1942 (WW2)?
Japan takes over Indochina
How was Japan able to take over Vietnam and all of East Asia during WW2?
Their ally, Germany, had taken over France
What was the “Asia is for Asians” Campaign?
A propaganda campaign run by Japan after taking over East Asia in which they kicked out all white people
Why did Japan kick out all white people from East Asia?
They claimed it was to stop racism
What did Japan do after conquering East Asia in WW2?
The kicked out all white people
What was hypocritical about Japan’s “Asia for Asians” campaign?
Japan treated Asia worse and more racist than the Europeans did
How did Japan treat East Asia in WW2?
Rape of Nanking & Starvation
What did Japan do to Vietnam in WW2?
They took rice from the Vietnamese and starved 2 million people (Out of 8 million)
How did Vietnam learn to fight Japan during WW2?
Hit and Run Guerrilla Warfare
What was the Viet Minh?
A military group in 1942 who used Guerrilla Warfare to fight Japan.
How did the Viet Minh fight Japan?
Guerrilla Warfare: Hid underground in the jungle and used spikes to stab people, used poisonous snakes
When did Japan withdraw from Vietnam? Why?
1945, because the USA devastated Japan
Who was General Giáp?
He was a Vietnamese military leader (Viet Minh)
What was Hit and Run Guerrilla Warfare?
A fighting tactic used by smaller armies to fight a bigger and stronger enemy
When WW2 was over (1945), who did the Americans meet?
The Viet Minh (Ho Chi Minh & General Giáp)
What was the OSS?
The predecessor to the CIA
What was the relationship between Vietnam and the US right after WW2?
The both fought Japan; they were friends
What did Ho Chi Minh write in 1945 for the independence of Vietnam?
The Vietnamese Declaration of Independence
What did the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence say?
It was pro-American
It said how alike Vietnam is to the US
Called upon the US to help Vietnam be free from France
What did France want after WW2?
They wanted Indochina back
Who was the US president after WW2?
Harry S. Truman
What decision did Truman have to make after WW2?
Whether to support Vietnam’s independence or France’s reconquer
What was Truman’s decision on who to support in 1945?
He chose the support France and their reconquest of Vietnam
What was the USA’s biggest mistake leading up to the Vietnam war?
Supporting France and their reconquest of Vietnam
Who offers to support Ho Chi Minh and Giáp with military supplies after the U.S. turns against Vietnam?
Stalin and the USSR
After support from the USSR, what does Ho Chi Minh and Giáp become? Why?
Communist, because they want independence
When was the 1st Indochina war?
1946-1954
Who fought in the first Indochina war?
France vs Viet Minh
When did China and the USSR begin providing weapons to the Viet Minh?
1950
Who did France go to for help while fighting the Viet Minh?
USA
How did the US respond to the USSR’s support of the Viet Minh?
They provided $2 Billion to France
What is a phrase to describe France’s experience fighting in Vietnam’s jungle?
The Viet Minh were “ghost soldiers” because they were “everywhere and nowhere”
After struggling to fight the Viet Minh in the jungle, what does France do?
They build a fortress
What was the fortress that France built in Vietnam called?
Dien Bien Phu
What was Dien Bien Phu?
A French fortress in North Vietnam
What did the French use Dien Bien Phu for?
They kept their military there, and they released planes to bomb areas in the North where the Viet Minh were
What did Ho Chi Minh and General Giáp do to Dien Bien Phu?
They took it over with cannons that shot planes down and trapped the French inside the fortress
How long was the Battle of Dien Bien Phu? When?
55 days in 1954
What were the numbers in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu?
64,000 Viet Minh vs. 20,000 French
What is a quote about the battle of Dien Bien Phu?
“At Dien Bien Phu, the French don’t know what to do”
How does the Viet Minh chase France out of Vietnam?
In the battle of Dien Bien Phu, they trap and starve the French while forcing them to do hand to hand combat
What event in 1954 causes France to leave Vietnam?
The Battle of Dien Bien Phu
What year is Vietnam free from France?
1954
Once France leaves Vietnam, what is the USA concerned about?
Communism in Vietnam, they don’t want it to become another communist country
What was the reason for the Geneva Convention in 1954?
The US was concerned about Vietnam becoming a communist country once independent, so representative from all around the world met to discuss Vietnam
What 2 decisions were made at the Geneva Convention of 1954?
Vietnam was divided along the 17th parallel
Mandated free elections in South Vietnam
What was Vietnam divided along after the Geneva Convention of 1954?
The 17th parallel
What was the state of North Vietnam after the Geneva Convention?
Communist
Angry because they fought for their WHOLE country
What was the state of South Vietnam after the Geneva Convention of 1954?
Democratic
Special Forces from the US were sent there to protect democracy
What was hypocritical about the mandated free elections in South Vietnam?
Ho Chi Minh was still revered for freeing Vietnam, so in reality they were only allowed anti-communist elections
Who was the president of the US in 1954?
Eisenhower
What was Eisenhower’s “Domino Theory?”
If we let one nation in South East Asia fall to communism, they will all fall
What guides American foreign policy in South East Asia?
The Domino Theory
Why does the US fight in Vietnam?
“The Domino Theory”; the fear that if one country in SE Asia falls to communism, they all will fall