Hydrostatic Pressure and Atmospheric Pressure

These flashcards cover key concepts related to hydrostatic pressure and atmospheric pressure as discussed in the lecture.

What is the formula for calculating hydrostatic pressure and what does each variable represent?

The formula is P = h
ho g, where P is the hydrostatic pressure, h is the depth or height of the liquid column,
ho is the density of the liquid, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

How is the SI unit of pressure, the Pascal, defined in terms of force and area?

One Pascal (Pa) is defined as a force of one newton acting on an area of one square meter (1 ext{ N/m}^2).

How does depth affect the pressure exerted by a liquid?

According to the formula P = h
ho g, pressure is directly proportional to the height (h) of the liquid column; therefore, pressure increases as depth increases.

What is the primary difference between a mercury barometer and an aneroid barometer?

A mercury barometer uses the height of a liquid (mercury) in a tube to measure atmospheric pressure, whereas an aneroid barometer is liquid-less and uses the expansion or contraction of a sealed metallic capsule.

Which physical principle allows a hydraulic press to amplify force?

The principle of pressure transmission in liquids; a small force applied to a small area generates pressure that is transmitted throughout the liquid to a larger area, resulting in a significantly larger output force.

How does atmospheric pressure facilitate the use of a rubber sucker?

When the sucker is pressed against a surface, air is forced out from underneath it. The higher atmospheric pressure on the outside then pushes the sucker firmly against the surface, maintaining a seal.

What role does gravity play in the siphon method?

Gravity creates a pressure difference between the liquid levels in the two containers, allowing the liquid to flow through the tube from the higher level to the lower level.