chapter1 mechanization

This set of flashcards covers key concepts and definitions related to compost making and biofertilizers as discussed in Chapter 1.

Hand tools

Fairly simple tools which you use with your hands, and which are usually not powered.

Compost

The partially decomposed remains of plants.

Humus

Compost in its final state of decomposition.

Aerobic decomposition

The process that requires air, typically maintaining an air percentage between 40% and 70% in a compost pile.

Carbon to Nitrogen (C:N) ratio

The proportion of carbon used by micro-organisms for energy to nitrogen used for making proteins in organic materials.

Ideal C:N ratio for composting

30:1; the optimal ratio for efficient decomposition.

Offensive odors in compost

Competing sign of improper composting due to lack of good aeration and moisture.

Materials to avoid composting

Diseased plants, weeds with seeds, pet faeces, meat products, and chemically contaminated materials.

Signs compost is finished

When it is dark, loose, crumbly, and doesn't reheat upon turning.

Johnson-Su Bioreactor

A static compost method that produces very biologically active and fungal dominated compost.

Recommended minimum size for a hot compost pile

1 metre X 1 metre X 1 metre to generate sufficient heat.

Ideal disposal of undecomposed pieces in compost

Screen them out and return them to the decomposing process.

Best materials for composting

Leaves, animal manures, grass clippings, vegetable refuse, coffee grounds, and rotted sawdust.

High carbon to nitrogen ratio effect

Slows down the decomposition process.

Low carbon to nitrogen ratio effect

Leads to relatively quick decomposition.

Role of slugs in composting

They feed on decaying and fresh wastes, contributing to the composting process.

Ideal storage for food scraps before composting

Keep them in sealable plastic containers and layer with sawdust to minimize odor.

Recommended duration for composting pesticide-treated grass

At least one year to eliminate any pesticide residue.

How to handle high nitrogen materials in composting

Store high carbon materials, or combine them with peat moss.

Composting of newspaper

Possible if shredded and mixed well with other materials.

Use of fruit waste in composting

Yes, but it's advisable to chop citrus rinds as much as possible.