World Geo

8 billion

World Population

India

Most Populated country

China

2nd most populated country

Water, Major Rivers, Coastal Plains.

Most People live near water for resources and transportation

Agriculture, Trade, and transportation

What is ATT?

Physical Features, Zones of Latitude, and natural resources

What are the three factors that affect population distrubition?

mountains, deserts, and islands

What are physical features that discourage settlement due to barriers in transportation, trade, and communication?

rivers, peninsulas, and plains

What are physical features that encourage settlement due to fertile soil, access to fresh water, ease of travel, trade, and communication, as well as access to diverse food sources?

Extreme Climates, (polar/high and low/tropical regions)

Which zones of latitude do not encourage settlement?

Temperate Climates (mid latitude)

Which zones of latitude do encourage settlement because the climate is typically warm enough for human settlement, as well as adequate rainfall to support vegetation and agriculture?

An abundance of resources, such as freshwater, lumber, fertile soil, forests, oil, natural gas, etc.

What encourages settlements or development of major cities?

population distribution

describes how people are spread out across a geographic area

Due to the amounts of bodies of waters, goods like foods, or wood etc. stable elevation.

How do physical features shape human patterns, movement, or settlement?

People do not want to live in climates where it is too hot or too cold because first of all, it is uncomfortable, you cannot grow crops as easily. People like to live in places where you can experience all of the season and where you will have adequite resources easily. People also do not want to live where too many mountains or deserts are because it is harder.

What is the relationship between climate and population and how do landforms play a role in this?

People move into cities for job opportunities, better access to resources, etc.

Why do people move into cities?

advantages- Job opportunities, better access to resources. disadvantages- overpopulation, loss of resources, slums, etc.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in a city?

Overpopulation

What urban growth challenges do cities face when they become too large?

providing raw materials for industry, generating export revenue, creating jobs (mining, farming, forestry), and supplying essential goods/services

How are natural resources directly related to the economic development of a county?

poverty, limits education/healthcare access, Stunted Development, worse health, lower life expectancy

What are the effects of unequal distribution of resources?

specializing production based on their advantages, engaging in international trade (imports/exports) to get what they lack, investing in human capital (skills/education) and infrastructure, developing circular economies for sustainability, and leveraging economic power through trade policies (tariffs, loans)

How do nations use their resources to engage in economic activities?

boosting incomes, creating jobs, and enabling investment in better healthcare, education, and infrastructure

How is economic development connected to standards of living?

due to a mix of resource access, strong institutions (like rule of law, low corruption), human capital (education, health), technology, and geographical advantages/disadvantages

How and why does economic development vary from one part of the world to another?

to gain access to goods they can't produce efficiently, boost economic growth

Why do countries engage in trade?

a society or region has shifted from an agricultural (farming) economy to one dominated by large-scale manufacturing, technology, and industry

What does it mean to be industrialized?

our country, workplaces, and schools increasingly consist of various cultural, racial, and ethnic groups. We can learn from one another, but first we must have a level of understanding about each other in order to facilitate collaboration and cooperation. bringing varied perspectives, boosting innovation, fostering empathy, and reducing prejudice,

Why is it important to have cultural diversity? How can this shape society?

deforestation

The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.

desertification

the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.

overfishing

harvesting fish to the point that species are depleted and the value of the fishery reduced

air pollution

the contamination of air by harmful substances including gases and smoke

water pollution

The contamination of streams, rivers, lakes, oceans, or groundwater with substances produced through human activities

like clearing forests for agriculture, excessive fossil fuel burning, industrial waste, unsustainable farming, and over-harvesting marine life, all stemming from increased consumption, population, and development, leading to habitat loss, climate change, and ecosystem degradation

How do humans play an active role deforestation, desertification, overfishing, air pollution, and water pollution?

urban societies live in developed areas, having access to healthcare, education, and whatever goods that want basically at the tips of their fingers. subsistent societies live in middle income to developing ares where their economies depend on agriculture and trading. They usually only have the things that they need and they have to work hard to get that as it is, they do not have access to education and healthcare like developed countries do.

What are the key differences in an urban society vs a traditional/subsistent society?

Physical geography (resources, climate, location) provides the foundation, enabling agriculture or trade;

In what ways do physical characteristics influence regional development?

economic factors (infrastructure, markets, investment) build on this, driving industry and growth

In what ways do economic characteristics influence regional development?

culture (values, innovation, social norms) shapes how people use resources and engage economically, creating unique regional identities and development paths, from resource-based economies to innovation hubs

In what ways do cultural characteristics influence regional development?

shaping people's desire for a better life, influencing their choices through established networks, and creating pressures to leave or stay, driven by education access, family ties, social services, discrimination, cultural values, and quality of life desires

How have social factors influenced migration?

people moving from lower-income areas (push factors like low wages, unemployment) to wealthier ones (pull factors like better jobs, higher living standards) to improve financial well-being

How have economic factors influenced migration?

creating "push" factors like war, persecution, instability, and poor human rights, forcing people to flee, while also shaping "pull" factors through host country policies, stability, and democratic freedoms, determining who can enter and how they integrate

How have political factors influence migration?

drive migration through both sudden disasters (floods, storms, wildfires) and slow-onset processes (drought, sea-level rise, desertification), forcing people to move internally or internationally for survival, threatening livelihoods, and creating resource scarcity.

How have environmental factors influence migration?

introducing new traditions, languages, foods, and beliefs, creating vibrant multicultural societies; influencing urban design, architecture, and social structures, fostering both harmony and sometimes tension as communities blend or diverge

How has migration influenced cultural landscapes?

0° longitude

Where is the prime meridian?

0° latitude

Where is the equator?

Eastern And Western Hemisphere.

What hemisphere is created due to the prime meridian?

Northern and Southern Hemisphere.

What hemisphere is created due to the equator?

Imaginary lines that split the earth between north and south and is located at the equator. These lines run horizontal (side to side)

Lines of Latitude

Imaginary lines that split the earth between east and west and is located at the prime meridian. These lines run vertical (up and down)

Lines of Longitude

First of the Five Themes Of Geography- Where something is on earth.

Location

Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates. Example: Mount Carmel is located at 7027 Milne Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124

Absolute location

The position of a place in relation to another place. Example: Mount Carmel is two blocks away from my house.

Relative Location

Second of the Five Themes of Geography- The physical and human characteristics that make a location unique.

Place

Physical- Rocky mountains, hot deserts

Human- Spanish language, bustling markets, unique architecture.

Third of the Five Themes of Geography- How humans adapt to, modify, or depend on their environment.

Human Enviornment Interaction (HEI)

Example- putting on a coat during winter because it is cold outside.

Fourth of the Five Themes of Geography- The flow of people, goods, and ideas between places

Movement

Example- immigration

Fifth of the Five Themes of Geography- Areas grouped by common physical or human characteristics

Regions

Example- Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, Southwest, etc.

Shows Natural features like mountains, rivers, lakes, elevation, and landforms.

Physical Map

Shows Human-made boundaries, including countries, states, provinces, and cities, often showing capitals.

Political Map

Shows Spatial patterns of a specific topic

Thematic Map

Shows Movement of people, goods, animals, or ideas between places.

Flowline Map

title, compass rose, key, grid, locator, and scale

What are the different parts of a map?

Tells you the map's subject

Title

A box that deciphers symbols, colors, and lines

Key

Shows the ratio between map distance and real-world distance

Scale

Indicates directions (North, South, East, West).

Compass Rose

Lines of latitude and longitude (coordinates) for precise location finding.

Grid

A smaller map showing the main map's location in a broader context

Locator

a circle showing the principal directions printed on a map or chart.

What is a compass rose and what are the directions?

Cardinal Directions- North, South, East, West

Ordinal Directions- Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, Southwest.

a way of representing the spherical Earth on a flat surface

Map Projections

because it's impossible to flatten Earth's curved, spherical surface onto a flat plane without stretching, tearing, or squishing some properties, leading to inaccuracies in area, shape, distance, or direction

How do map projections cause distortion?

continental drift, tectonic activity, and plate tectonics

What works together to shape the earth?

the gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time.

How does continental Drift shape earth?

constantly moving massive lithospheric plates

How do tectonic activities shape earth?

moving continents, building mountains, creating ocean basins, triggering earthquakes, and forming volcanoes

How do plate tectonics shape earth?

where two tectonic plates collide

convergent plate boundary

causes- earthquakes, volcanoes

where two tectonic plates move apart

Divergent plate boundary

causes- seafloor spreading, magma to rise from the Earth's mantle

where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other

transform plate boundary

convergent plate boundaries where one tectonic plate slides beneath another, denser plate

subduction plate boundary

causes- tsunamis

breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical makeup

Physical weathering

breaks down rocks by changing their chemical composition through reactions with water, oxygen, and acids

chemical weathering

when streams, river, and oceans cut into the land wearing away the soil and rocks moving them elsewhere.

water erosion

when the wind picks up dirt and dust and moves it from one place to another

wind erosion

the powerful process where moving glaciers carve and reshape landscapes by removing rock

glacial erosion

A tropical system with winds that have reached a constant speed of 74 miles per hour or more. The dangers of a storm include torrential rains, high winds, storm surges and tornadoes

hurricanes

a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.

volcano

a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction,

earthquake

a string of volcanoes and sites of seismic activity, or earthquakes, around the edges of the Pacific Ocean

Ring of Fire

the part of Earth where life exists.

biosphere

All the water on earth

hydrosphere

A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.

lithosphere

A thin layer of gases surrounding Earth

atmosphere

A process of removing salt from ocean water

desalination

Precipitation falls on the windward side of a mountain range, resulting in lush vegetation & a warm, moist climate on one side, but a desert area on the leeward side.

rain shadow effect