Mitosis and Meiosis and Differences

Mitosis

Produces genetically identical cells for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

Type of division in Mitosis

One division forming two daughter cells.

Number of chromosomes in Mitosis

Daughter cells are diploid (contain the full set of chromosomes, e.g., 46 in humans).

Prophase

Chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane breaks down.

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.

Anaphase

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles.

Telophase

Nuclear membranes reform around each set of chromosomes.

Cytokinesis in Mitosis

The cytoplasm splits, forming two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

Produces gametes (sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction.

Type of division in Meiosis

Two divisions forming four daughter cells.

Number of chromosomes in Meiosis

Daughter cells are haploid (contain half the number of chromosomes, e.g., 23 in humans).

Meiosis I

Reduction Division: Homologous chromosomes separate.

Prophase I

Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material (crossing over).

Metaphase I

Homologous pairs align at the equator.

Anaphase I

Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart.

Telophase I and Cytokinesis in Meiosis

Two haploid cells form.

Meiosis II

Sister chromatids separate in each haploid cell, resulting in four haploid daughter cells.

Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis is for growth, repair, asexual reproduction; Meiosis is for sexual reproduction (gamete production).

Number of Divisions in Mitosis vs Meiosis

Mitosis has one division; Meiosis has two.

Number of Daughter Cells in Mitosis vs Meiosis

Mitosis produces two daughter cells; Meiosis produces four.

Genetic Variation in Mitosis vs Meiosis

Mitosis has none (identical cells); Meiosis has present variation (crossing over, independent assortment).

Chromosome Number in Mitosis vs Meiosis

Mitosis results in diploid daughter cells (same as parent cell); Meiosis results in haploid daughter cells (half of parent cell).

Cell Types in Mitosis vs Meiosis

Mitosis occurs in somatic (body) cells; Meiosis occurs in germ (sex) cells.