OCR A 2.1.4 Acids

acids

proton donors

bases

proton acceptors

acid + water reaction

H₃O⁺ name

hydronium ion

bases + water reaction

alkali

-soluble base (in water)

-produce OH- ions when added to water

weak acid

-carboxylic acid (CH₃COOH)

-backward reaction favoured

-less H+ produced

strong acid

-HCl, H2SO4, HNO3

-forward reaction favoured

-more H+ ions produced

strong base

-NaOH, KOH

-forward reaction favoured

-more OH- produced

weak base

-NH₃

-backward reaction favoured

-less OH- ions produced

acid and base reaction

-metal from base (NH₄⁺ ion from ammonia) react w/ non metal from acid

-to make salt (pH neutral)

-H+ ions produced by acid react w/ OH- ion produced by base

-to make water

making standard solutions

-weigh out amount of solid precisely using balance and weighing boat

-transfer solid from weighing boat to beaker, wash solid left into beaker using deionised water

-dissolve solid fully w/ water; stir to ensure solid dissolved fully

-transfer sol to volumetric flask, using funnel to prevent spillage, rinse beaker & glass rod into flask to make sure most of sol is transferred

-use more of water to fill to graduation line using pipette

-invert flask few times w/ lid on to ensure thoroughly mixed