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republican party
Issues of slavery, western settlement,
and anti-immigrant nativism fostered the
emergence of this largely Northern
political party
Habeas corpus
Lincoln suspended this in maryland to give military authorities the necessary power to silence dissenters
Ex-Parte Milligan
Supreme Court ruling that military tribunals could not try civilians when the civil courts were open
Emancipation Proclamation
Closed the door on possible compromise with the south
54th Massachusetts
Famous group of African American soldiers remembered for their bravery and fierce fighting against confederate forces
Conscription Act
Legislation that drafted men into the armed forces on a nationwide scale and whose provisions were grossly unfair to the poor
Substitute Provision
Enables rich northerners to hire poorer individuals for $300 to take their place in the draft
New York City Draft Riots
Occurring in 1863, Violent reaction opposing conscription
Gettysburg Address
Reflected the struggle against enslavement as the fulfillment of America’s democratic ideals
Clara Barton
Known as the “Angel of the Battlefield” and founded the american red cross
10% percent plan`
Lincoln’s 1863 program for a rapid reconstruction of the south
Freedman’s Bureau
Federal agency that greatly assisted blacks educationally but congress refused to adequately fund it
Military Reconstruction act
Congressional law that imposed military rule on the south and demanded harsh conditions for readmission of the seceded states
Tenure of Office Act
A constitutionally questionable law, violated by president Johnson that formed the official basis for his impeachment
Black Codes
The harsh southern state laws of 1865 that limited black right and imposed restrictions to ensure a stable labor supply
Ku Klux Klan
Paramilitary group that terrorized freedmen and sympathetic whites throughout the south after the civil war
Carpet baggers
derogatory term for northerners who came to the south during reconstruction and sometimes took part in Republican state governments
Scalawags
Derogatory term for white southerners who cooperated with the republican reconstruction governments
Hiram Revels
Representing Mississippi, he was the first African American to serve in congress
13th Amendment
The constitutional amendment freeing all slaves
14th Amendment
The constitutional amendment granting civil rights to freed slaves and barring former confederates for office
15th Amendment
The constitutional amendment guaranteeing black men the right to vote
Sharecropping
Dominant form of southern agriculture where a person rents land from a plantation owner in exchange for giving a certain portion of each year’s crop
Compromise of 1877
An informal arrangement that ended the reconstruction Era in the south
Redeemers
southern white democrats who took control of state governments after reconstruction