APUSH unit 4 pt 2 key terms

republican party

Issues of slavery, western settlement,
and anti-immigrant nativism fostered the
emergence of this largely Northern
political party

Habeas corpus

Lincoln suspended this in maryland to give military authorities the necessary power to silence dissenters

Ex-Parte Milligan

Supreme Court ruling that military tribunals could not try civilians when the civil courts were open

Emancipation Proclamation

Closed the door on possible compromise with the south

54th Massachusetts

Famous group of African American soldiers remembered for their bravery and fierce fighting against confederate forces

Conscription Act

Legislation that drafted men into the armed forces on a nationwide scale and whose provisions were grossly unfair to the poor

Substitute Provision

Enables rich northerners to hire poorer individuals for $300 to take their place in the draft

New York City Draft Riots

Occurring in 1863, Violent reaction opposing conscription

Gettysburg Address

Reflected the struggle against enslavement as the fulfillment of America’s democratic ideals

Clara Barton

Known as the “Angel of the Battlefield” and founded the american red cross

10% percent plan`

Lincoln’s 1863 program for a rapid reconstruction of the south

Freedman’s Bureau

Federal agency that greatly assisted blacks educationally but congress refused to adequately fund it

Military Reconstruction act

Congressional law that imposed military rule on the south and demanded harsh conditions for readmission of the seceded states

Tenure of Office Act

A constitutionally questionable law, violated by president Johnson that formed the official basis for his impeachment

Black Codes

The harsh southern state laws of 1865 that limited black right and imposed restrictions to ensure a stable labor supply

Ku Klux Klan

Paramilitary group that terrorized freedmen and sympathetic whites throughout the south after the civil war

Carpet baggers

derogatory term for northerners who came to the south during reconstruction and sometimes took part in Republican state governments

Scalawags

Derogatory term for white southerners who cooperated with the republican reconstruction governments

Hiram Revels

Representing Mississippi, he was the first African American to serve in congress

13th Amendment

The constitutional amendment freeing all slaves

14th Amendment

The constitutional amendment granting civil rights to freed slaves and barring former confederates for office

15th Amendment

The constitutional amendment guaranteeing black men the right to vote

Sharecropping

Dominant form of southern agriculture where a person rents land from a plantation owner in exchange for giving a certain portion of each year’s crop

Compromise of 1877

An informal arrangement that ended the reconstruction Era in the south

Redeemers

southern white democrats who took control of state governments after reconstruction