research design

repeated measures

• process: all participants receive all levels of the IV

• evaluation: there may be an order effect, could do better on second test due to practice effect or it could create boredom effect, participants could guess the purpose, need less participants

• overcome weakness: counterbalancing to reduce order effect e.g. a cover story to stop participants guessing the aim

independent groups

• process: participants placed in separate groups each group does one level of the IV

• evaluation: can’t control researcher effect, more participants

• overcome weakness: distribute participant variables evenly,

Matched pairs

• Process: Uses two groups of participants on key characteristics believed to affect performance on the DV. The characteristics have to be related to the study

• Strength- minimises individual differences, no order effect weakness- time consuming and difficult to match participants on key variables and needs more participants

• Overcome weakness restrict number of variables to match on to make it easier, conduct pilot study