Fungus Exam 2

1, 2, 3

What 2 groups share a common ancestry with fungi? Which ones shares more closely?

Plants and Animals, Animals share more closely.

How are Fungi different from animals?

They developed Absorptive heterotrophy; chitin in cell walls.

Where do many fungi get their nutrients from?

Absorb nutrients from dead organic matter, as decomposers. Some parasitic or predatory.

What is a Saprobes?

Decomposers essential to carbon cycle

What does Absorptive Heterotrophy mean?

Nutritional strategy where organism secretes a digestive enzyme to break down to large food molecules in environment, then absorb broken down nutrients through membrane

What is Mycelium?

The body of multicellular fungus, whole thing, in and out of ground.

What makes up Mycelium?

Branching mass of tubular filaments.

What are tubular filaments?

Hyphae

What do hyphae do?

Absorb nutrients

Mycelium (Hyphae) can grow far and wide T or F, T

, T

Can Mycelium (hyphae) concentrate when they find dense nutrients?

Yes, they branch more in areas with abundant nutrients.

What is chitin?

A polysaccharide that is found in fungus cell walls.

What are common hosts for parasitic fungi?

Plants and Insects

What do predatory fungi prey on?

Protists or animals

What are 2 common branches of mutualistic Fungi?

Lichen and Mycorrhizae

What are lichen usually symbiotic with?

A fungus and a photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria

What are Mycorrihizae usually symbiotic with?

Plants roots,

help plants with water, nutrients, and minerals,

while fungi get sugars and amino acids

List the common types of fungi

• Parasitic

• Predatory

• Pathogenic

• Mutualistic

2 ways fungus can reproduce? Which is more common?

Sexual and asexual. Asexual

How many types of asexual reproduction?

3

of 4

What are the strategies for asexual reproduction?

1. Production of haploid spores within sporangia.

2. Production of haploid spores not enclosed within sporangia.

3. Cell division by unicellular fungi.

4. Mitotic growth and fragmentation of the mycelium.

What is a haploid?

Single set of unpaired chromosomes

What are Conidia?

At the tips of Hyphae, fall off for reproduction

What is fission?

equal division of one cell into two

What is budding?

Asymmetrical where a smaller daughter cell is produced

Instead of male and female, how do fungi reproduce?

Two compatible mating types fuse and form a dikaryotic stage, eventually producing spores.

What do fungi do when they are done producing offspring?

They disintegrate and die.

How does fungi reproduction differ from animals?

The use of mating types

Where are Microsporidia found?

Aquatic, in the water

Are Microsporidia uni or multi cellular?

Uni

What do Microsporidia have instead of mitochondria?

Mitosomers

What category of fungi behavior would microsporidia fall into?

Parasites, of crustaceans and fish

Where are Chytrids found?

The water (aquatic)

What do chytrids commonly affect?

Amphibians through their whole life cycle, Frogs toads and tadpoles

Where are Zygospore Fungi found?

On land (terrestrial)

How do Zygospore Fungi reproduce?

Sexually, 2 close hyphae of different mating types release chemical signals to grow towards each other

Where are mycorrhizal fungi found?

On land (terrestrial)

What are mycorrhizial mutualistic with?

Plants

Where are Sac Fungi found?

On land (terrestrial)

What are common types of Sac fungi?

Morels, and truffles

Where are club fungus found?

On land (terrestrial)

What feature do club fungi have for sexual reproduction?

Basidium, found on hyphyae

What category of fungi is most responsible for Mushrooms?

Club fungi

What do club fungi do?

Break down wood/ vegetative material

How is fungus used in the human food supply?

Many fungi help in production of foods, such as yeast with grains, or other for fermentation of beer, or just to eat.

Do lichen help or hurt air quality?

Help

Are there fungi that help combat disease?

Yes, penicillium is now known as penicillin

Are some species of fungi used to help clean the environment?

Yes, some can break down plastics and pollutants even.