Bio 110.S19 Anatomy and Physiology 1 Lab - Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from the Bio 110.S19 Anatomy and Physiology 1 Lab lecture, focusing on the scientific method, metric system, graphing, and anatomical terminology.

Scientific Method

A methodical framework to solve problems and determine answers in a step-by-step logical format.

Purpose (Scientific Method)

Stating the problem that you are attempting to solve. Be specific to facilitate a starting point.

Hypothesis

An educated guess about the outcome of your experiment, based on your knowledge and research conducted; a clear and simple statement (not a question).

Independent Variable (IV)

The variable that is controlled or manipulated by the experimenter.

Dependent Variable (DV)

The variable that is measured by the experimenter; it changes as a result of the independent variable.

Control Group (CG)

The group that is not exposed to the independent variable.

Qualitative Data

Data that is a WORD or 'quality' – a subjective measure other than a number (e.g., odor, color, texture).

Quantitative Data

Data that is a NUMBER or 'quantity' – an objective measure or observation (e.g., distance, mass, volume).

Constant

A variable that does not change through the entire experiment; a value that remains the same.

Scientific Law

Describes what happens in nature under certain conditions (e.g., E=MC2, F=MA).

Scientific Theory

Explains why or how something happens in nature.

Metric System

A system of measurement based on multiples of 10; prefixes indicate the relationship to the base unit.

Kilo (k)

Metric prefix meaning 1,000 times the base unit.

Deci (d)

Metric prefix meaning one-tenth (0.1) of the base unit.

Centi (c)

Metric prefix meaning one-hundredth (0.01) of the base unit.

Milli (m)

Metric prefix meaning one-thousandth (0.001) of the base unit.

Micro (µ)

Metric prefix meaning one-millionth (0.000001) of the base unit.

Graph

A visual representation of data, used to identify trends and relationships.

Bar Graph

A graph that uses bars to compare data; groupings are usually qualitative, and bars do NOT touch.

Histogram

Similar to bar graphs but represents continuous numerical data; bars DO touch and often show frequency data.

Line Graph

A graph that uses lines to show trends over time; both variables are quantitative.

Pie Chart

A graph designed to show a percent of a whole, where the whole equals 100%.

Scatter Plot

A graph in which points are plotted on a grid, useful for showing correlation between two variables.

Y-axis

The vertical axis of a graph, typically representing the dependent variable.

X-axis

The horizontal axis of a graph, typically representing the independent variable.

Anatomical Position

A standard reference point for anatomical description where the body is erect, feet slightly apart , with palms facing forward.

Superior (cranial)

Directional term meaning toward the head or upper part of a structure.

Inferior (caudal)

Directional term meaning away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure.

Anterior (ventral)

Directional term meaning toward the front of the body.

Posterior (dorsal)

Directional term meaning toward the back of the body.

Medial

Directional term meaning toward the midline of the body.

Lateral

Directional term meaning away from the midline of the body.

Proximal

Directional term meaning closer to the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the trunk.

Distal

Directional term meaning farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk.

Superficial

Directional term meaning toward or at the body surface.

Deep

Directional term meaning away from the body surface; more internal.

Sagittal Plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.

Frontal Plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Transverse Plane

A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Cephalic

Regional term referring to the head.

Crural

Regional term referring to the leg.

Brachial

Regional term referring to the arm.

Femoral

Regional term referring to the thigh.

Umbilical

Regional term referring to the navel (belly button).