A&P 2e - Ch 25: The Urinary System (Review Questions)

Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus would most likely be indicated by __.

polyuria

The color of urine is determined mainly by __.

byproducts of red blood cell breakdown

Production of less than 50 mL/day of urine is called __.

anuria

Peristaltic contractions occur in the __.

ureters

Somatic motor neurons must be __ to relax the external urethral sphincter to allow urination.

inhibited

Which part of the urinary system is not completely retroperitoneal?

bladder

The renal pyramids are separated from each other by extensions of the renal cortex called __.

renal columns

The primary structure found within the medulla is the __.

loop of Henle

The right kidney is slightly lower because __.

it is displaced by the liver

Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the __.

Bowman’s capsule

What are the names of the capillaries following the efferent arteriole?

peritubular and vasa recta

The functional unit of the kidney is called __.

the nephron

__ pressure must be greater on the capillary side of the filtration membrane to achieve filtration.

Hydrostatic

Production of urine to modify plasma makeup is the result of __.

filtration, absorption, and secretion

Systemic blood pressure must stay above 60 so that the proper amount of filtration occurs.

false

Aquaporin channels are only found in the collecting duct.

false

Most absorption and secretion occurs in this part of the nephron.

proximal convoluted tubule

The fine tuning of water recovery or disposal occurs in __.

the collecting ducts

Vasodilation of blood vessels to the kidneys is due to __.

less frequent action potentials

When blood pressure increases, blood vessels supplying the kidney will __ to mount a steady rate of filtration.

contract

Which of these three paracrine chemicals cause vasodilation?

nitric oxide

What hormone directly opposes the actions of natriuretic hormones?

aldosterone

Which of these is a vasoconstrictor?

angiotensin II

What signal causes the heart to secrete atrial natriuretic hormone?

increased blood pressure

Which of these beverages does not have a diuretic effect?

milk

Progesterone can bind to receptors for which hormone that, when released, activates water retention?

aldosterone

Renin is released in response to ________.

decreased blood pressure

Which step in vitamin D production does the kidney perform?

converts calcidiol into calcitriol

Which hormone does the kidney produce that stimulates red blood cell production?

EPO

If there were no aquaporin channels in the collecting duct, ________.

you would suffer severe dehydration