Immunology Study Materials

CD25

which CD marker is the IL-2 receptor?

Pro-B

what stage do the heavy chains rearrange?

Pre-B

what stage do the light chains rearrange?

Pre-B

what stage do you see µ in cytoplasm?

Immature

what stage do you see a complete IgM?

Mature

what stage do you see complete IgM and IgD?

• memory cell

• plasma cell

what are two effector B cells?

No

do we see MHC class II in plasma cells?

protein

what type of antigen stimulates B memory cells?

MHC II

which MHC class interacts with T helper cells?

MHC I

which MHC class are found on all nucleated cells?

CD19

which CD marker is involved in signaling and present throughout maturation process?

CD21

which CD marker is a complement component receptor?

no CD4 and CD8

double negative means that there are

both CD4 and CD8

double positive means that there are

either CD4 or CD8

mature T cell means there are

2/3 of T cells

CD4 or Helper T cells account for about

MHC class II

CD4 or Helper T cells recognize antigens with

1/3 of T cells

CD8 or Cytotoxic T cells are about

MHC Class I

CD8 or Cytotoxic T cells recognize antigens with

positive

what type of selection creates TCRs that recognize MHC molecules?

negative

what type of selection creates tolerance to self antigens?

Th1

responds to intracellular microbes; promotes cell-mediated immunity by activating macrophages and cytotoxic T cells

Th2

responds to helminths and allergens; promotes humoral immunity through B cell activation and antibody production

Treg

suppresses immune responses; prevents autoimmunity and limits chronic inflammation

tTreg

regulatory T cell subset derived in the thymus; establishes central tolerance

pTreg

regulatory T cell subset derived in the periphery; controls immune responses outside the thymus

Th9

important in allergic disease, especially asthma; formerly considered part of Th2; driven by IL-9

Th17

pro-inflammatory subset influenced by IL-17, IL-23, IL-6, IL-2 and TGF-β; critical in autoimmunity and defense against fungi/parasites

Tfh

found in lymphoid follicles; influenced by IL-21 and IL-6; helps B cells develop antigen-specific immunity

IgG

main antibody in serum (70-75% of total immunoglobulin); crosses placenta

IgM

first antibody produced in response to infection; highest molecular weight

IgA

found in mucosal secretions; has subclasses ⍺1, ⍺2

IgD

second least abundant immunoglobulin in serum; involved in B cell activation

IgE

involved in allergic reactions; binds to mast cells and basophils

IgG

has subclasses γ1, γ2, γ3, γ4

IgG

fixes complement and crosses placenta

IgM

molecular weight ~ 900,000; pentamer form

IgG 

longest serum half-life of 23 days

C1qrs

what is the recognition unit for the classical pathway?

MBL

what is the recognition unit for the lectin pathway?

C4b2a

what is the activation unit for the classical pathway?

C5b6789

the membrane attack complex is

Tickover C3b

what is the first component in the alternate pathway?

C1INH

which control factor dissociates C1 complex in the classical and lectin pathway?

CR2 (CD21)

which control factor is involved in B cell stimulation and can be found on B cells and dendritic cells?

Factor H

which control factor accelerates decay of C3bBb?

Alternate pathway

which pathway is C3bBb a part of?

CR1 (CD35)

which control factor mediates transport of immune complexes to liver and spleen?

DAF (CD55)

which control factor dissociates C3 convertase and helps to protect against bystander lysis?

MAC-INH (CD59)

which control factor blocks insertion of C9 into the membrane?

S-protein (vitronectin)

which control factor binds to C5b67 and prevents bystander lysis?

Factor H

which control factor prevents binding to Factor B?

Factor I (inactivator)

which control factor is known as the great inactivator and inactivates C3b and C4b with help from C4BP, CR1, DAF, and Factor H?

C1 (q, r, or s) deficiency

lupus-like syndrome; recurrent infections

C2 deficiency

lupus-like syndrome; recurrent infections; atherosclerosis

C3 deficiency

severe recurrent infections; glomerulonephritis

C4 deficiency

lupus-like syndrome

C5-C8 deficiency

Neisseria infections

C9 deficiency

no known disease association

C1-INH deficiency

hereditary angioedema

DAF deficiency

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Factor H or Factor I deficiency

recurrent pyogenic infections

MBL deficiency

pneumococcal diseases, sepsis, Neisseria infections

MASP-2 deficiency

pneumococcal diseases

false

all nucleated cells have class II MHC molecules

they undergo apoptosis

what is the fate of B cells that bind strongly to self-antigens during maturation?

T cytotoxic marker

what is CD8?

found in T and B cells and is the receptor for IL-2

what is CD25?

signaling to regulate B cell development and activation

what is the function of CD19?

receptor for Fc portion of IgG

what is CD16?

cell receptor for complement breakdown components

what is CD21?

delivers signal upon TCR-antigen recognition

what is the function of CD3?

T helper marker

what is CD4?

detection of cells lacking or expressing reduced MHC class I molecules

what feature allows NK cells to identify and kill target cells without prior antigen exposure?

T-independent antigens

what antigen type does not typically induce memory B cells?

most common vaccine; it contains the treated complete antigen that is no longer infective but can help generate antibody response

what is an attenuated vaccine?

a partial component, protein or polysaccharides, from antigen that helps generate antibody response to that particular component

what is an acellular/subunit vaccine?

genetically made vaccine using recombinant DNA technology; it uses viral proteins cultured inside yeast

what are synthetic vaccines?

microbial polysaccharide that is chemically coupled proteins that facilitate the response of T helper cells

what is a conjugate vaccine?

Pro-B

maturation stage of B cells where recombination of genes that produce heavy chains takes place under the influence of stromal cell cytokines, and CD19 can be detected

immature B cell

maturation stage of B cells where affinity maturation is tested and self-reacting cells are eliminated

Treg lymphocyte

what cell is a CD4 positive lymphocyte?

Th2

which T helper cell subset can enhance the activities of the immune system such as antibody formation, allergic response, anti-parasitic response, and antigen presentation?

true

B cells can better recognize epitopes that are on the outer surface of the cell or structure

only one kind of light chain is made; either kappa or lambda

what is allelic exclusion?

the class, subclass, and light chain type of a molecule

what is isotype?

2 subunits of IgA joined by J chain

what is a dimer?

chains of urine in multiple myeloma patients

what are Bence-Jones proteins?

C4,2,3

what is an activation unit?

complement deposits on host cells causing them to be a target for destruction

what is innocent bystander lysis?

membrane attack unit

what is C5b6789?

the light and heavy chain determinants that make an antibody unique

what is an idiotype?

genetic variations in the constant region of antibodies between individuals within the same species

what is allotype?

5 subunits of IgM joined by J chain

what is a pentamer?

recognition unit

what is C1?

one subunit with 2 light chains and 2 heavy chains

what is a monomer?

yes

is complement a heat-labile plasma protein?

major attractant helps call in PMNs and other phagocytes

what is the function of C5a?

anaphylatoxin, helps release histamine

what is the function of C3a?