Exotics/ Lab Animal Lecture Final

What are three categories in the layer bubble next to "lab animals and exotics"?

Husbandry, ethics, and rights/regulations.

Why is safety so crucial when working around and with animals in any setting?

To ensure safety of all animals and people.

Why does society have so many regulations in place for lab animal care and use, and wildlife care? Give two reasons.

Keep procedures/ practices ethical for the animal participants and to have a set of rules and regulations to outline how animal care should be practiced.

What does IACUC stand for?

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

What does USDA stand for?

United States Department of Agriculture.

Animals used in research are commonly called (two words)?

Lab animals.

Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans is called?

Zoonotic diseases.

What are the three major categories of safety regulations in research and animal health settings?

Chemical, biological, and radioactive.

What respected handbook serves as the source of specific information for compliance with the Public Health Service (PHS) Policy?

The guide for the care and use of laboratory animals.

What is the color of the C57 mouse?

Black

What is the length of pregnancy in a female mouse?

19-21 days.

What are two examples where mice continue to make a contribution?

Diabetes and renal research.

What are the molecules that mice pass in their urine and have been documented to influence mouse physiologic behavior? Give an example of a behavior that is influenced.

Pheromones, this can influence a female mouse to be triggered to mate with a male mouse.

When are young mice usually weaned?

21 days.

What's the best way to pick up a mouse or rat that is not the scoop method? Then immediately you do?

By the base of the tail, immediately place your hand down so the rats paws are on the flat surface.

What's a common easy short term technique to identify mice and rats?

Sharpie marks on fur or tail.

What is the difference between stocks and strains in mice?

Stocks are genetically diverse mice population

while strains are inbred mice from brother and sister for at least 20+ generations.

Mice and rats have hypsodontic teeth what does that mean?

Teeth that grow throughout the animals life.

Where are tail veins located on a mouse or rats tail?

Lateral aspects.

Where is a safe place to administer SQ fluids and why is this area is recommended?

The interscapular area and because there is a bunch of loose skin is this area so its easier to insert the needle.

Regulatory oversight of the care and use of rats and mice in teaching and research is specified as the part of?

The public health service policy for the humane care and use of laboratory animals using the guide for specifics.

Why are rats tails important what are two reasons?

Heat dissipation and balance.

What do we always have to worry about when handling rats or mice tails? How can we prevent this?

Degloving and handling the animal properly.

What does SPF mean? Does a make difference for the results of the test?

Specific pathogen free, it makes a difference because if there is a pathogen present, it can alter the results of the study, making them less reliable.

What is porphyrin, where is it produced, and why is it important?

A pigment produced in the harderian glands, behind the eyes. This is important because if the rats are sick, it will show up in a pink color on the fur if the mouse isn't cleaning itself well enough.

How do rats communicate (especially rat moms and pups)?

Ultrasonic communication.

How are inbred rats bred?

Brother and sister rats mated together for over 20 generations.

What organ do rats not have?

Gallbladder.

What's the length of prgenancy in a rat?

19-21 days.

At what age are rat pups weaned?

21 days.

What are two examples of research where rats have made a contribution?

Toxicology and pharmacology.

What would you expect to see on a cage label card?

Protocol number, contact information, species, strain, principal use, DOB, when they got here, study group, specific instructions, treatment information, genotype, and sex.

What are two reasons that zebrafish research has increased in the past 25 years?

Large number and relatively easy to care for.

What's one area where zebrafish have contributed in research?

Pharmacology.

What is the native habitat of zebrafish?

Hot/ humid and murky rice paddy water that is stagnant.

At what age can zebrafish be kept comfortably in the housing wells?

5 to 7 days.

Why is the structural support for zebrafish so important?

Water weight is very heavy, so there needs to be a floor with adequate strength, and to make sure that the floor is level.

In a developing zebrafish embryo when does the heart start beating after fertilization of the egg?

24 hours.

When breeding zebrafish why is it important to have a perforated floor in the tank?

The mom and dad zebrafish will eat the fertilized egg.

How can groups of genetically unique zebrafish be identified?

By tape on the tank with the information.

What is the pH range for the water in the zebrafish tanks?

7.2-7.6

Danio rario is the genus and species of what?

Common zebra fish.

What are the three R's in research/ laboratory medicine?

Replacement, refinement, and reduction.

How do vet techs work with mice?

Research techs and drug discovery.

Give two reasons why mice are a good laboratory animal?

Small size and easy to house.

What organ do mice have to smell pheromones?

Vomernasal organ in their nose.

What is barbering in mice and rats?

Chewing of fur and whiskers.

What's the effect of groups of females experience anestrus or will cycle together when no male present?

Whitten effect.

What effect is it when a "strange" male (unfamiliar to a newly pregnant female)(she has never encountered him before) can disrupt a pregnancy?

Bruce effect.

BCS for mice is out of what?

Five.

What are two ways to ID mice?

Ear tags or microchips.

What are two ways vet techs can be involved with zebrafish?

Knowing tank and systems, and trouble shooting/ being thoughtful.

What are three places that use zebrafish?

UMass Med, UMass Amherst, and Boston children's hospital.

What is the fish handlers disease?

Fish TB.

How do you track zebrafish growth?

Using cellular and molecular markers.

What type of ovulators are rats and mice?

Spontaneous or polyestrous.

How does genetic manipulation work in rats and mice?

Creating the strain that mimics the disease or physiologic pathway needed for the research focus.

What two things can rats smell or detect?

Bombs/landmines and earthquakes.

What are rats diet?

Omnivorous.

What's the puberty age for female rats?

40-60 days.

What's the puberty age for male rats?

40-49 days.

What are two areas rabbits have contributed in research?

Cardiovascular disease and antibody production.

Rabbit urine can be sludgy due to what mineral?

Calcium.

Rabbits have what type of gut?

Hind gut fermenters.

What two breeds of rabbit are commonly used in research?

New Zealand White and Dutch Belted.

Where do you draw blood from in a rabbit?

Ear vein.

What are night feces called in rabbits?

Cecum.

Rabbit young are called?

Kits.

What are female and male rabbits called?

Does and bucks.

What are two examples of guinea pigs contributing to research?

Infectious disease and nutrition.

Guinea pig young are called?

Precocious young.

What are two rabbit types used in research?

Dunkin Hartley and Strain 2.

What are female and male guinea pigs called?

Sows and bucks.

What is the gestation length of guinea pigs?

+/- 64 days.

How have ferrets contributed to research?

Infectious disease research.

What glands are well known in ferrets?

Scent glands.

What are two breeds of hamsters used in research?

Syrian and Chinese.

What is one way hamsters have contributed in research?

Cardiomyopathy and metabolic research.

What is the hamster diarrhea also known as?

Wet tail.

What are two ways gerbils contribute to research?

Radiology and dental research.

What is ecdysis?

Trouble shedding.

What are two ways reptiles/amphibians contribute to research?

Limb regeneration and metabolism.

What is in the approved research or animal care protocol for euthanasia?

Study timepoint, endpoint, euthanasia method(s)

AND confirmation of death.