Rels midterm

Tanak

Tanak

Acronym for the three main subcollections of the Hebrew old testament: Torah, Nevi’im, Ketuvim

Torah

first five books: Genesis, Leviticus, Deuteronomy, Exodus, Numbers same as pentateuch

Nevi’im

Prophets

Ketuvim

Writings (everything else)

what happens in 1000 BC and what book is it in

David becomes king of israel occurs in both samuels

what happens in 922 BC and in which book

Civil war in Israel, splits into two kingdoms Judah in the south Israel in the north. This happens in first Kings

What happens in 722 BC, in which book does this take place

Israel fights the Assyrians and gets beat very badly, Judah surrenders and they survive now they’re the only tribe left of Israelites. This is in the book of Isaiah

What happens in 586 BC and in which book

Babylonian exile, they take over the Assyrians and burn down Judahs temple, they have to exile the land. Happens at the end of 2nd kings

diaspora

after the babylonian exile all the Jews disperse all over

539 BC

persian empire led by Cyrus conquers the babylonians and tell Judah they can set up their temple again

Deuteronomistic history

Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Kings

Abraham Lineage

Abraham →Ishmael, Isaac → Esau, Jacob → 12 sons

Tetragrammaton

The name YHWH for the Lord aka Yahweh

Lex Talionis

If you mess up, there will be consequences

What does the Deuteronomistic History cover and from what time

Written about 550 BC with events from 1200-550 BC, from when the Israelites gained their land to when they got kicked out by Babylonians

Saul

First king of Israel, was not the best leader because he rejected God, he didn’t like David because everyone loved him. David was probably going to become King once Saul died which makes Sauls son, Jonathan, mad

Major prophets

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekial

Inductive Divination

taking something physical and saying it has a spiritual meaning, finding spiritual meanings yourself

Intuitive Divination

the message comes to you, you didn’t go looking for it, not always good. Prophets are not usually happy people because they most likely weren’t looking for these messages

Vaticinia ex eventu

written after the fact but made to look like it was written during that time period

What are the prophetic periods

Hosea: 750 ish, leading up to Assyrian invasion

Amos: 760, before Assyrian invasion

Isaiah: 8th century, before and after Assyrian crisis

Jeremiah: late 7th century to early 6th century (Babylonian crisis)

world behind the text

understand the historical and social context that the bible was written in

world of the text

helps understand the biblical text itself, the text is more than just words on a page

world in front of the text

reader can interpret the text based on their own characteristics

Hosea

prophet around the time 750 BC so leading up to the Assyrian crisis. God told him to marry a whore, he married Gomer. This symbolizes the idea that God is the husband of all the people and they cheat on him with other gods

Isaiah

Prophet from 700ish BC before-after the Assyrian crisis. He is the most influential prophet. During the time of the syro-ephramitic crisis

Syro-Ephramitic Crisis

734-732 BC. They know the Assyrians are going to come in and attack so Israel asks Judah for an alliance. Ahaz, the king at the time, says no bc God advised him not to make an alliance

Jeremiah

Prophet during the Babylonian crisis in 586 BC. Many people believe they’re always safe because the temple is there but he advises against that. He says to leave markers as they got exiled which shows there is hope that they will come back.

Jeremiad

Term based on the prophet Jeremiah used to show a warning

Apocrypha

biblical works that are in the catholic cannon but not in protestant or Jewish cannon

Canon

the books and order of books considered sacred by certain religions

Gospel

news about Jesus, Matthew, Mark, Luke, John

YHWH

name for God in ancient Hebrew, common name for God in the bible

Septuagint

The greek translation of the hebrew bible, includes the apocrypha

Vulgate

The Latin translation of the bible, primary bible for Christians for a while

King James Version

The first english translation of the bible in 1611, very popular translated from Hebrew and Greek

515 BC

2nd temple was completed

exegesis

pulling meaning out of the text itself, interpretation based on the text

eisegesis

adding info into the text, adding something the author didn’t say based on your own opinions

Documentary hypothesis

form of source criticism, believes the first 5 books of the bible were written by many authors other than moses

JEDP (what is it who made it)

Theory by Julius Wellhausen, 4 sources thought to make the Pentateuch: Jawist, Elohim, Deuteronomistic, Priestly

Ramses II

Thought to be the pharaoh at the time of exodus. His name is mentioned as a place in Genesis, Exodus, and Numbers

Theophany

visible display of god ex: burning bush,

Henotheism

only worshipping one god while recognizing there are multiple gods

Merneptah Inscription

Stone that is considered the oldest evidence outside the bible of Israelite existence

The fall

When adam and eve ate the apple causing there to be bad in the world.

Theodicy

If God is all powerful and all good, how can he allow evil to exist? solution: god doesn’t exist, multiple gods exist, god is not actually all powerful or not all good

Etiological Myths

stories that explain the causes of various phenomenon ex: rainbows symbolizing Noahs covenant with God

Endogamy

marrying within a certain group or kindred smaller than your tribe to reject any outside beliefs Abraham advises endogamous marriages

Patriarch

Anyone in the family of Abraham is part of the patriarch, Isaac and Jacob are the fathers of Israel

The Exile

Israelites exiled by babylonians in 586 BC

Seth

3rd Son of Adam and Eve seen as a new beginning for humanity, continues the godly line

Nephilim

group of giants in Genesis ch 6

Hagar

slave woman sarah gave to Abraham because she couldn’t have a child, Sarah became very jealous of their son Ishmael

Levirate marriage

man has to marry his brothers wife if she dies and has no kids

Goshen

the land where the Israelites lived before Exodus

Miriam

helped save Moses life by putting him in a basket in the nile river, ended up challenging the authority of Moses

Aaron

Moses’s younger brother, spoke to Pharoah because Moses said he wasn’t confident enough. He built the golden calf at sinai, he dies at mount Hor

Jethro

Moses father in law, father of Zipporah Moses wife Exodus chapter 18

apodictic law

absolute prohibition, 10 commandments

casuistic law

conditional statements and punishments to determine right or wrong, teaches how to use your conscience

covenant code

set of laws for the Israelites

code of Hammurabi

list of many laws showing possible crimes and punishments that go along with them, eye for an eye

Sodom

city that God destroyed in Genesis, Abraham wanted to find righteous people to save the city

Holiness code

laws listed in Leviticus 17-26, named for repeated asking for israelites to be Holy

Syncretism

blending aspects of different religions, Israelites worshipping different gods

baal

another god the Israelites would often worship

Amnon

firstborn of David, heir to the throne after David, his brother Absalom killed him

Cyrus

freed the Jews from captivity in Babylon and allowed them to rebuild their temple

Aqedah

The story where God tells Abraham to kill his son Isaac

Codex

flat sheets of paper hinged together rather than a scroll

Vaticinum ex eventu

When a story is written after the fact but made to look like it was written during that period

Achan

disobeyed Gods command, took items from Jericho and hid them in his tent in book of Joshua. Stoned to death because of this

Who are Noahs sons

Shem and Ham

Nathan

prophet during Davids period, he confronted David for his wrongdoings

Soloman

King after David dies, marries Pharoahs daughter, he is good God grants him wisdom and wealth, he ends up worshiping other gods though which leads to the division of Judah and Israel