Pathology (conditions) - Irene Gold Booklet :)

Calcium infiltrate in normal tissue is called

Metastatic calcification

Calcium infiltrate in abnormal/damaged tissue

Dystrophic calcification

Cell death with a "cheese like" appearance

Caseous necrosis

Cell death from ischemia is called

Coagulative necrosis

Degeneration of cells with formation of fat globules is called

Fatty degeneration

What type of necrosis occurs in the CNS

Liquefactive

antegrade degeneration of axons and myelin sheath is called

Wallarian degeneration

Hyperparathyroidism is associated with _________ calcification

Metastatic

Example of dystrophic calcification

Scar tissue, atheroslcerosis

What is Nutmeg liver

Hepatic venous congestion causing fatty degeneration

A goiter is an example of what type of abnormal cell growth

Hyperplasia

What metaplasia is common in smokers

Airway changes from pseudo-stratified columnar to stratified squamous epithelium

What is the last reversible stage of disturbed cell growth

Dysplasia

Cancer is an example of what type of irregular cell growth

Anaplasia

Examples of type 1 collagen

Bone, muscle, tendon, ligament, fascia

The IVD is what type of collagen

Type 2

What collagen is used in early wound healing

Type 3/ reticular collagen

The basement membrane is made of what type of collagen

Type 4

What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

Congenital defect - Faulty collagen synthesis causing hyperextensible skin, tendency to bleed (easy bruising), and hypermobile joints

what is Caplans syndrome

Combo of anthracosis and rheumatoid arthritis

What is Anthracosis

Accumulation of carbon in lungs (seen in coal miners)

What causes "Black Lung"

Anthracosis

What causes mesothelioma

Asbestosis

What fungus is endemic to the eastern seaboard common in damp leaves

Blastomycosis

What causes "Brown Lung"

Byssinosis

Byssinosis occurs from inhalation of

Hemp, flax or cotton

What causes San Joaquin Valley Fever

Coccidioidomycosis

Coccidiomycosis is endemic to what area

Southwest Deserts

Histoplasmosis is endemic to what area

Mississippi or Ohio Valley

What fungal infection is associated with bird and bat droppings

Histoplasmosis

Deposition of excess iron into body tissues is what condition

Siderosis

What causes "Rock Quarry Disease"

Silicosis

Silicosis occurs from deposition of what into the body tissues

Sand, rock or glass

Asthma is what type of hypersensitivity?

Type 1

Curschmann spirals and Charcot-Leyden crystals are seen in what condition

Asthma

Inflammation of alveoli is what condition

Bronchopneumonia

T/F bronchopneumonia is consolidated to one lobe

False

Anthracosis and rheumatoid arthritis together is what condition

Caplan's

Cystic fibrosis affects what ion channel

Chloride

What is the major cause of lung infections in people with cystic fibrosis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

What is salty baby syndrome?

Cystic fibrosis (produce thick, sticky mucus)

What deficiency can lead to emphysema

Alpha 1 antitrypsin

Pt presents with barrel chest, decreased forced expiratory volume, and decreased elasticity in the lungs

Emphysema

What is hemosiderosis

Iron in lungs due to bleeding

Accumulation of fluid in the alveoli is called

Pulmonary edema

What causes honeycomb lung appearance

Pulmonary fibrosis (scarring of lung)

Ghon lesions in the subpleural space indicate

Tuberculosis

What is a Gibbus deformity

VB collapse from Potts Disease

Tuberculosis in the spine is called

Pott's disease

What most commonly makes up kidney stones

Calcium oxalate

Typical pain presentation of Nephrolithiasis

(Kidney stones) pain in back that radiates to the flank

RBCs and small amounts of protein in the urine is characteristic of

nephritic syndrome

Hypertension, edema, and massive amounts of protein in the urine is characteristic of

Nephrotic syndrome

What causes "moth eaten" appearance of the kidney

Polycystic kidney

WHat is Wilms tumor

"Nephroblastoma". Malignant mixed tumor of kidney in children

Pt presents with hypotension, bronze skin, and hyperpigmentation

Addisons Disease

Pt presents with hypertension, water retention and increased aldosterone

Conn's syndrome (Primary aldosteronism)

Pt presents with moon face, buffalo hump, purple striae, and obesity

Cushing's disease

What is a Goiter

Hyperplasia of thyroid gland

Pt presents with exopthalamos, heat intolerance, weight loss, rapid heart rate

Grave's disease

What is the autoimmune disease that causes a decrease in thyroid hormones

Hashimoto's

Pt presents with cold intolerance, weight gain, slow heart rate, missing the lateral 1/3 of their eyebrow

Myxedema

What is Cretinism

Decreased thyroid hormone in children

What is pheochromocytoma?

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes episodic hypertension

What is the most common cause of cervical cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

What conditions describes the failure of the testes to descend

Cryptochidism

What is the most common site of endometriosis

Ovary

What condition is when the urethra exits the dorsal side of the penis

Epispadius

What condition is when the urethra exits on the ventral side of the penis

Hypospadius

What are uterine fibroids

Leiomyomas, benign sm mm tumors

What is the #1 cause of infertility

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

What is the most common cause of testicular cancer in young males

Seminoma (testicle tumor)

What is the most common cause of ectopic pregnancy

Damaged fallopian tubes

Sabre blade tibia, saddle nose deformity, and rhagades are all associated with

Congenital syphillis

What are rhagades

Fissures/cracks at edge of mouth seen in congenital syphilis

What is interstitial keratitis

Inflammation of cornea seen in congenital syphilis

A painless nodule on the perineum (chancre) is a sign of

Primary syphilis

Condylomata lata is seen in what condition

Secondary syphilis

What is tabes dorsalis

Degeneration of spinal dorsal column seen in tertiary syphilis

Gumnmas are seen inn what condition

Tertiary syphilis

what is the Argyll Robertson pupil?

Pupil that constricts with accommodation, but is not reactive to light - seen in tertiary syphilis

Chron's disease AKA's

Distal/terminal/regional ileities or regional enteritis

Cobblestone appearance is seen in what condition

Crohns

What is affected in crohns disease

Distal small intestine, cecum, ascending colon (right sided pain)

What is a diverticula

outpouching in the intestine.lower left quadrant (sigmoid and descending)

What causes frank red blood in stool

Hemorrhoids (irritated blood vessels around anus)

Absense of the myenteric plexus causes

Hirschsprungs disease

intussusception can be caused by what vaccine

Rotavirus[

Hematemesis from alcoholism is seen in what condition

Mallory weiss syndrome

Out pouching of the distal ileum is called

Meckels diverticulum

What is the triad of symptoms seen in plummer vinson syndrome

Dysphagia, iron deficiency anemia, esophageal web

What is steatosis

fat in stool, problem with gallbladder

What causes lead pipe rigidity of the colon

ulcerative colitis

What is affected in toxic megacolon/ulcerative collitis

Irritation of large intestine causing LEFT side abdominal pain

Twisting an organ along the long axis is called

Volvulus

What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?

Lou Gerig's; motor loss from attack on anterior horn and corticospinal tract

Lou Gerig's disease presents with _______ lesions in the lower body and ________ lesions in the upper boyd

UMN; LMN

What is Alzheimer's disease?

a progressive degenerative disease of the brain that results in dementia

What neurotransmitter is decreased in alzheimers

Acetylcholine

Type 1 Arnold Chiari Malformation

Cerebellar tonsils herniate below foramen magnum