Studied by 1 person
levels of genetic study
transmission genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, epigenetics, population genetics
Gene
instructions for cells to make proteins
Genome
complete set of DNA
Transmission genetics
how traits are passed through generations
How are transmission genetics followed?
with a pedigree
Cytogenetics
how genes are arranged on chromosomes & how chromosomes show genetic function
Molecular genetics
biochemical mechanisms which code for proteins
Parts of molecular genetics
gene therapy, genetic testing, DNA profiling, genetic modification
Epigenetics
how gene expression can be determined or affected by enviornment
Population genetics
populations of organisms and the gene frequencies in the gene pool
Prehistory
artificial selection with dogs & crops
Hippocrates
humors hold the traits, diseased humors lead to defects, humors can be changed through life.
Aristotle
semen contains vital heat, cook menstrual blood
Preformationism
sex cells contain miniature adult
Epigenesis
substances are present in egg, develop into body parts during development
Darwin & Pangenesis
How and why are traits passed. Gemmules determine the form of each body part. inheritance of acquired characteristics
Weismann
disproved inheritance of acquired characteristics
Somatoplasm
makes up body tissue, controls growth, development, and death
Germplasm
substance has "hereditary material" passed down generations. Advance towards modern day understanding of inheritance
Mendel
demonstrated quantitative patterns. foundation for modern genetics
Watson & Crick
described the structure of DNA (ft. Franklin & Wilkins)
Boyer & Cohen
spliced genes from different bacteria together, recombinant DNA
Artificial Selection
humans picking which dogs they like
Natural Selection
animals surviving because they are the best suited
DNA analysis
can help identify what's in food, clarify historical details
Genetic Testing
see if a certain variation is present in the gene/DNA sequence. Angie's a previvor
Gene Therapy
replace a gene a person is missing, so certain disorders are alleviated
Development of iPS cells
cells reprogrammed to be stem cells, can be used to replace tissue
Cloning
for consumption
Genetic Modification of crops
corn produces a natural pesticide, rice prevents vitamin A and iron deficiencies
First step of the Bioethical process
what is the ethical question
Second step of the bioethical process
what are the bioethical principles
Third step of the bioethical process
identify the stakeholders
Fourth step of the bioethical process
make a strong justification
bioethical principle
autonomy, max benefits-min harms, justice, care, duties, and responsabilities
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Flashcard (38)