Intro to Genetics Test: Study Guide

levels of genetic study

transmission genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, epigenetics, population genetics

Gene

instructions for cells to make proteins

Genome

complete set of DNA

Transmission genetics

how traits are passed through generations

How are transmission genetics followed?

with a pedigree

Cytogenetics

how genes are arranged on chromosomes & how chromosomes show genetic function

Molecular genetics

biochemical mechanisms which code for proteins

Parts of molecular genetics

gene therapy, genetic testing, DNA profiling, genetic modification

Epigenetics

how gene expression can be determined or affected by enviornment

Population genetics

populations of organisms and the gene frequencies in the gene pool

Prehistory

artificial selection with dogs & crops

Hippocrates

humors hold the traits, diseased humors lead to defects, humors can be changed through life.

Aristotle

semen contains vital heat, cook menstrual blood

Preformationism

sex cells contain miniature adult

Epigenesis

substances are present in egg, develop into body parts during development

Darwin & Pangenesis

How and why are traits passed. Gemmules determine the form of each body part. inheritance of acquired characteristics

Weismann

disproved inheritance of acquired characteristics

Somatoplasm

makes up body tissue, controls growth, development, and death

Germplasm

substance has "hereditary material" passed down generations. Advance towards modern day understanding of inheritance

Mendel

demonstrated quantitative patterns. foundation for modern genetics

Watson & Crick

described the structure of DNA (ft. Franklin & Wilkins)

Boyer & Cohen

spliced genes from different bacteria together, recombinant DNA

Artificial Selection

humans picking which dogs they like

Natural Selection

animals surviving because they are the best suited

DNA analysis

can help identify what's in food, clarify historical details

Genetic Testing

see if a certain variation is present in the gene/DNA sequence. Angie's a previvor

Gene Therapy

replace a gene a person is missing, so certain disorders are alleviated

Development of iPS cells

cells reprogrammed to be stem cells, can be used to replace tissue

Cloning

for consumption

Genetic Modification of crops

corn produces a natural pesticide, rice prevents vitamin A and iron deficiencies

First step of the Bioethical process

what is the ethical question

Second step of the bioethical process

what are the bioethical principles

Third step of the bioethical process

identify the stakeholders

Fourth step of the bioethical process

make a strong justification

bioethical principle

autonomy, max benefits-min harms, justice, care, duties, and responsabilities