Preparation of Standard Solutions – A Review

Flashcards covering key concepts and vocabulary related to the preparation of standard solutions and titration methods.

Standard Solution

A solution whose concentration is exactly known, reported to four significant figures.

Primary Standard

A highly pure chemical used to create standard solutions, must have high purity, stability, and absence of hydrated water.

Direct Method

A method of preparing standard solutions by accurately weighing a primary standard and diluting it to a known volume.

Indirect Method

A method where a stock solution of a secondary standard is titrated to determine concentration.

Titration

A process for determining the amount of a substance by measuring the quantity of a reagent required to react completely with that substance.

Equivalence Point

The theoretical point in a titration where the reaction is complete, estimated by observing physical changes.

End Point

The point in a titration where a noticeable change occurs, indicating that the equivalence point has been reached.

Titration Error

The difference in volume between the equivalence point and the end point in a titration, usually due to inaccuracies in observation.

Titrant

The solution of known concentration used in a titration.

Analyte

The substance whose concentration is being determined in a titration.

Acid-Base Titration

A type of titration where acids and bases react, typically using indicators to determine the end point.

Precipitation Titration

A titration method used to determine the concentration of ions, such as halides, by forming a precipitate.

Redox Titration

A titration method that involves reduction and oxidation reactions to determine the concentration of unknown solutions.

Complexation Titration

A titration method in which metal ions are quantified using a complexing agent like EDTA.

Stoichiometric Data

The quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

Neutralization Titration

A titration that measures the reaction between an acid and a base.

Molar Concentration

The amount of solute (in moles) per liter of solution, often expressed as mol/dm³.

Titration Procedure

The method or steps followed to carry out a titration, involving the slow addition of titrant to analyte.

Back Titration

A method where an excess of a standard reagent is added to a sample, and the unreacted reagent is titrated.