6.1.3 carboxylic acids and esters

-carboxylic acids with up to _ carbons are soluble in water

4

carboxylic acid + metal —→

carboxylate salt + hydrogen

carboxylic acid + metal oxide —→

salt + water

carboxylic acid + alkali —→

salt + water

carboxylic acid + carbonate —→

salt + water + carbon dioxide

a compound that can be hydrolysed to form the parent

derivative

alcohol + carboxylic acid —→

ester + water

ester (acid hydrolysis) —→

carboxylic acid + alcohol

ester (alkaline hydrolysis) —→

carboxylate ion + alcohol

carboxylic acid + SOCl2 —→

acyl chlorides + SO2 + HCl

acyl chloride + alcohol —→

ester +  HCl

acyl chloride + phenol —→

phenyl ethanoate + HCl

 

acyl chloride + water  —→

carboxylic acid + HCl

acyl chloride + ammonia —→

primary amide + ammonium chloride

acyl chloride + primary amine —→

secondary amide + methylammonium chloride

Esterification using acid anhydrides(reagent, conditions)

alcohol, room temp

Acid Hydrolysis of esters (reagent, conditions)

dilute HCl, heat under reflux

Alkali Hydrolysis of esters(reagent, conditions)

dilute NaOH, heat under reflux

Formation of acyl chloride from a carboxylic acid (reagent, conditions)

SOCl2, room temp

acyl chlorides + water (reagent, conditions)

water, room temp

acyl chloride + alcohol (reagent, conditions)

alcohol, room temp

acyl chloride + ammonia (reagent, conditions)

ammonia, room temp

acyl chloride + primary amide (reagent, conditions)

primary amide, room temp

acyl chloride + phenol (reagent, conditions)

phenol, room temp