triple i

refers to the set of methods, procedures, and techniques used to analyze, organize, interpret, and present data in a research study.

statistical treatment

2 branches of statistics

• descriptive

• inferential

refer to statistical methods used to summarize, organize, and describe the characteristics of a data set.

descriptive statistics

under descriptive statistics (4)

• frequency distribution

• percentage

• measure of central tendency

• measure of dispersion

• is a statistical method that organizes data into categories or intervals and shows how often each value or group of values occurs.

•  It helps make large sets of data easier to understand by presenting them in tables, charts, or graphs such as histograms and bar graphs.

frequency distribution

is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100.

percentage

identifies the center or typical value of a data set: mean, median, and mode

measure of central tendency

the arithmetic average

formula: X = ∑x (total response)

           n (no. of respondnets)

mean

the middle value

median

most frequent value

mode

• is a statistical value that shows how spread out or scattered the data values are in a data set.

• range, variance, standard deviation

measure of dispersion

difference between the highest and lowest score

range

highest - lowest value = ?

range

average squared distance of the scores from the mean

variance

is a measure of dispersion that shows how far the individual data values are from the mean of a data set.

standard deviation

refer to statistical methods used to summarize, organize, and describe the characteristics of a data set.

inferential statistics