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Italian Renaissance
Cultural revival in Italy during the 14th-17th centuries.
Northern Renaissance
Artistic movement in Northern Europe, distinct from Italy.
Florence
Key city in the development of Renaissance art.
Flanders
Region known for its unique Northern Renaissance art.
Printmaking
Technique that revolutionized art distribution in the 15th century.
Giovanni Arnolfini
Wealthy merchant depicted in Jan van Eyck's portrait.
Jan van Eyck
Flemish painter known for detailed oil paintings.
Double Portrait
Art form featuring two subjects in one composition.
Convex Mirror
Symbol of God's all-seeing eye in Arnolfini portrait.
St. Margaret
Patron saint of women in childbirth, featured in art.
Griffon Bruxellois
Dog breed symbolizing fidelity in Arnolfini portrait.
Luxury Objects
Items representing wealth in Renaissance art and culture.
Secular Setting
Non-religious context for art during the Renaissance.
Piety
Religious devotion expressed through art and symbolism.
Crystal Prayer Beads
Symbol of spirituality in the Arnolfini portrait.
High-backed Chair
Furniture piece symbolizing status and wealth in art.
Burgundian Court
Cultural center influencing Northern Renaissance art.
Natural World Representation
Artistic exploration of nature during the Renaissance.
Social Systems
Cultural structures reflected in Renaissance artworks.
Spiritual Systems
Religious beliefs depicted in Renaissance art.
Cultural Leaders
Dukes of Burgundy as influential figures in art.
Extravagant Clothing
Fashion indicating wealth and status in Renaissance portraits.
Mysteries in Art
Ambiguities and interpretations in Renaissance artworks.
Northern Renaissance
Art movement in Northern Europe during the 15th century.
Humanism
Intellectual movement emphasizing science, reason, and individuality.
Linear Perspective
Art technique creating depth in two-dimensional works.
Flanders
Region known for its distinctive Northern Renaissance art.
Petrarch
14th-century scholar influencing Renaissance humanist thought.
Gothic Style
Architectural style preceding the Renaissance, emphasizing verticality.
TRES RICHES HEURES
Famous Book of Hours by the Limbourg brothers.
Limbourg Brothers
Pol, Herman, and Jean, notable Northern Renaissance painters.
Book of Hours
Christian devotional book with prayers and illustrations.
Manuscript Painting
Art of decorating written texts with illustrations.
Reflections on Water
Artistic technique depicting realistic water surfaces.
Steamy Breath
Detail illustrating breath in cold conditions.
Metal Sheen
Technique showing reflective qualities of metal surfaces.
Distinct Personalities
Individualized representations in religious paintings.
Jan van Eyck
Flemish painter known for lifelike portraits.
Peasants' Labors
Common activities depicted in the TRES RICHES HEURES.
Aristocrats' Diversions
Leisure activities of the upper class in art.
Social Class Representation
Art reflecting different social standings of figures.
February Page
Illustration in TRES RICHES HEURES showing winter activities.
Intellectual Stagnation
Perceived cultural decline before the Renaissance revival.
Three Ages of Humanity
Concept of historical periods: decline, revival, and rebirth.
Virtuosity in Art
Exceptional skill demonstrated in artistic works.
Cultural Curiosity
Interest in the natural world during the Renaissance.
Master of Flémalle
Workshop of early Flemish artists, identified as Robert Campin.
Merode Altarpiece
Triptych painted in the Master of Flémalle's workshop.
Annunciation
Religious event depicted in the central panel of the triptych.
Hidden symbols
Objects with religious meanings, disguised in the artwork.
Flemish home
Contemporary setting for the Annunciation scene in the painting.
Oil painting
Preferred medium of Flemish painters for detail and power.
Temperas
Medium favored by Italian artists for panel painting.
Flanders
Commercial center of Northern Europe during the fifteenth century.
Anecdotal detail
Attention to small, narrative elements in Northern Renaissance art.
Horizon line
High placement in paintings, consistent with natural experiences.
Scale relationships
Figures and buildings diminish in size across the landscape.
Tallis
Jewish prayer shawl, possibly depicted in the artwork.
Devotional meditations
Inner vision experienced by patrons during the Annunciation.
Wealthy patrons
Commissioned works from Flemish painters, influencing their style.
Cutaway view
Artistic technique showing both interior and exterior of buildings.
Leaden sky
Detail conveying cold winter weather in the painting.
Wattle fences
Traditional fencing technique depicted in rural settings.
Comforting smoke
Symbolizes warmth and homeliness in the farmhouse scene.
Flock of sheep
Element indicating pastoral life in the painting's background.
Bundled-up worker
Represents the harsh winter conditions faced by country people.
Religious meaning
Significance of common household objects in the artwork.
Influence on Italy
Flemish painters' styles admired and spread across Europe.
Artistic changes
Oil paint allows for modifications while still wet.
Oil Paint
Paint made from pigments suspended in oil.
Translucent Glazes
Thin layers of oil paint allowing light penetration.
Tempera
Fast-drying paint requiring precise application.
Opaque Tempera
Light does not penetrate lower color layers.
Jan van Eyck
Flemish painter credited with oil paint mastery.
Master of Flémalle
Group of artists associated with the MĂ©rode Altarpiece.
MĂ©rode Altarpiece
Triptych depicting the Annunciation, c. 1425-1430.
Triptych
Three-panel artwork, often religious in theme.
Duke Philip the Good
Patron of Jan van Eyck, Duke of Burgundy.
Symbolism in Art
Use of symbols to convey deeper meanings.
Light Treatment
Complex rendering of light in paintings.
Civic Art Patrons
Local leaders supporting artists in Low Countries.
Brushstroke Erasure
Drying process that smooths out brushstrokes.
Jewel-like Colors
Vivid colors achieved through oil paint techniques.
Interior Glow
Effect created by layering translucent oil paints.
Varnish Overlay
Applied to oil paintings for sheen enhancement.
Walnut Oil
Occasional alternative oil used in oil paints.
Fifteenth Century
Period of significant development in oil painting.
Artistic Virtuosity
Exceptional skill and artistry in painting.
Eucharist Symbolism
Religious references in artwork, like wine and Christ.
Independent Panel
Initial standalone artwork before becoming a triptych.
Art Historical Debate
Discussion on attribution of the MĂ©rode Altarpiece.
Flemish Street Scene
Detailed depiction of everyday life in Flemish art.
Illumination
Light source appears from upper left, enhancing depth.
Symbolic Light
Represents connection between God and Mary.
Ghent Altarpiece
Created by Jan and Hubert van Eyck in 1432.
Donors
Jodocus Vijde and Isabella Borluut funded the chapel.
Virgin's Lap
Light falling here symbolizes Christ's connection.
Polyptych Shutters
Visible only when altarpiece is closed.
Annunciation
Depicts angel Gabriel announcing Jesus's conception.
Adoration of the Mystic Lamb
Central theme of the Ghent Altarpiece.
