Studied by 48 people
Bronfrenbrenner's Ecological Theory
A theory focusing on the development of a child based on their external environment, including the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem
case study
a in depth study and research conducted on an individual case, used to research conditions/disorders or unusual circumstances on an individual
cognitive processes
processes that involve changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language
cohort effects
Effects of a person's development based on a situation, time period, or event that is shared amongst other people who experienced the same
continuity-discontinuity issue
Debate to which aspects of development are either gradual/continuous or abrupt/discontinuous
correlation coefficient
A statistical measure of how correlated two variable are, measured by a number between -1 and 1 (1/-1 being the strongest correlation)
correlational research
A measure of the relation between to instances, that of which are correlated, and description of how two variables are linked
cross-cultural studies
Research conducted across several cultures to identify differences and similarities,
cross-sectional approach
Research conducted across certain age groups, used to identify differences based on where they are in development
culture
Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.
descriptive research
Research used to describe certain phenomena, collected by observation, case studies, and surveys
development
Process of growth in humans, happening in different stages, processes, and structures
eclectic theoretical orientation
No one theory or explanation can explain development in our lives; Theories are simply an attempt to explain certain phenomena's found at different stages
emerging adulthood
Time period before early adulthood that is characterized by major changes into individuality, such as moving out and living alone, as well as newly gained responsibilities (around age 18 for some cultures)
Erikson's thoery
Erikson's theory has 8 Stages within our life span that help explain some of the aspects about ourselves we gain throughout (mainly) childhood and adolescent years (starting with Trust v. Mistrust)
ethnic gloss
Overgeneralizations and stereotypes of ethnic groups that portray certain behaviors simply based off of race
ethnicity
Identity and nationality associated with an individual, shaped by culture and skin color that categorizes you with a certain ethnic group
ethology
study of animal behavior
experiment
A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process
gender
Characteristics of people being males, females, or neither
hypotheses
Prediction made to prove a theory, that of which is testable and can be proven or disproven
information-processing theory
Theory that human cognition is related to that of computer processing, and that we process information in sequence of events
laboratory
a workplace for the conduct of scientific research
life-span perspective
Changes and development occur throughout your entire life rather than just in your adolescent years
longitudinal approach
Study approach that conducts a long term experiment on one more more individuals over a prolong amount of years, set out to explain development stages and how changes occur
naturalistic observation
Observing and recording behavior in a naturally occurring environment, that of which has no manipulation to ensure no bias happens
nature-nurture issue
Debate about the influence and impact of both biological aspects and environmental impacts has on our development
non-normative life events
Life events that are unusual and extreme, that of which can heavily influence development in an unusual way (compared to that of an individual who did not experience the event)
normative age-graded influences
Normal influences on development found commonly among individuals of the same age groups
normative history-graded influences
influences on development found in cohorts, or found in a specific time period amongst all individuals in that said time period
Piaget's theory
Theory stating that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development. When all stages are complete, peak human intelligence is achieved
psychoanalytic theories
describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion
social cognitive theory
The view of psychologists who emphasize behavior, environment, and cognition as the key factors in development.
social policy
Governments courses of action which is meant to influence the life and well being of its citizens, shaped by the cultures beliefs and values
socioeconomic status (SES)
Status within society that is characterized by an individuals education, occupation, and opportunities
socioemotional processes
development within someones relationships, emotional intelligence, and personality
stability-change issue
the debate about the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change
standardized test
A test that is the same for everyone and is meant to gather data or gauge where an individual's knowledge of a specific topic is at
theory
an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
Vgostky's theory
We are born with 4 elementary functions; attention, sensation, perception, and memory...We use these 4 elements in our own ways to develop, through our social interactions
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